Effects of Physical Activity & Marijuana Use on Frontolimbic Functioning During A

体力活动的影响

• 批准号: 8238298
• 负责人: Krista Maurine Lisdahl
• 金额: $ 35.27万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MILWAUKEE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-03-15 至 2017-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8238298
• 关键词: Abstinence; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Aerobic; Affect; Affective; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Amygdaloid structure; Behavior Therapy; Behavioral; Body mass index; Brain; Chronic; Cognition; Data; Development; Disease; Drug usage; Drug user; Equilibrium; Ethnic Origin; Female; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Gender; Health; Hippocampus (Brain); Illicit Drugs; Individual; Lead; Marijuana; Marijuana Smoking; Measures; Modeling; Monitor; Moods; Neurocognitive; Personality; Physical Fitness; Physical activity; Prefrontal Cortex; Prevention; Prevention strategy; Process; Research; Role; Sampling; Structure; Teenagers; Testing; addiction; cognitive function; coping; cost; design; diaries; endophenotype; executive function; fitness; improved; indexing; marijuana user; neuropsychological; nutrition; prophylactic; psychologic; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; sedentary; tool; treatment program

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Marijuana (MJ) use continues to be the most popular illicit drug used among adolescents (1). In adults, MJ use is associated with poor inhibitory control and affective processing (41-52). The neural correlates of these processes are primarily in frontolimbic regions (53, 55, 58, 63, 67, 114), which continue to develop into adolescence (71- 82, 85-87). Frontolimbic functioning in adolescent MJ users has only begun to be characterized; chronic use of MJ is associated with poor executive functioning (111-116), aberrant prefrontal cortex and amygdala brain structure in females (112,118,121,203) and abnormal brain response to an inhibitory control task (114). Despite evidence of poor mood (112), it is unknown whether adolescent MJ use impacts brain function during affective processing. Currently, there are no known treatments to ameliorate aberrant frontolimbic brain functioning in adolescents. Both physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness have been shown to have positive effects on brain function in adults (143,155-164). Although the findings in younger samples are promising (169-179), few studies have examined whether physical activity or cardiorespiratory fitness affect neurocognitive functioning in healthy adolescents. Further, it is unknown whether extent of physical activity or fitness moderates the negative consequences of chronic MJ exposure on frontolimbic brain functioning in adolescents. Our primary aims are to 1) characterize the effects of MJ use on frontolimbic brain functioning and connectivity and 2) determine whether extent of physical activity or cardiorespiratory fitness moderate these effects in adolescent normal controls (n=50) and heavy MJ users (n=50). Both groups will be balanced for 50 percent highly active and 50 percent sedentary individuals. Body mass index, ethnicity and gender will be balanced across groups. Teens will undergo a three week monitored abstinence period during which continuous activity data (by accelerometer and diary) will be collected. They will then have VO2 maximum testing to establish extent of cardiorespiratory (aerobic) fitness. Finally, teens will be administered a psychological and neuropsychological battery (measuring physical activity, nutrition, substance use, mood, personality, coping styles, and cognitive functioning) and undergo structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Specifically, teens will complete inhibitory control and affective processing fMRI tasks. The direct and indirect relationships between MJ use, physical activity and fitness, and frontolimbic functioning and connectivity during the fMRI tasks will be examined. Brain structure and behavioral correlates of frontolimbic functioning will also be examined. Thus, the proposal will provide a better understanding of consequences of MJ use on frontolimbic functioning in adolescents and will determine whether increased physical activity or fitness normalizes these negative effects. This will lead to the design of low-cost ameliorative tools in reducing negative consequences of repeated MJ use in teens. Ultimately, results will help improve prevention strategies and behavioral treatments for adolescent drug users. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The current study will characterize the effects of marijuana (MJ) on frontolimbic brain functioning in healthy teens. It will also determine whether physical activity or aerobic fitness normalizes the negative consequences of MJ use on brain function. These findings will lead to the development of viable low-cost addiction prevention or ameliorative tools in reducing negative consequences of repeated MJ use during adolescence.

描述（由申请人提供）：大麻（MJ）的使用仍然是青少年中最受欢迎的非法药物（1）。在成年人中，MJ使用与抑制性较差和情感处理有关（41-52）。这些过程的神经相关性主要在额骨区域（53、55、58、63、67、114），这些区域继续发展为青春期（71-82，85-87）。青少年MJ用户中的额叶功能才开始表征。长期使用MJ与女性的执行功能不佳（111-116），异常额叶皮层和杏仁核大脑结构（112,118,121,203）以及对抑制性控制任务的异常反应有关（114）。尽管情绪不良（112），但未知青少年MJ使用是否会在情感处理过程中影响大脑功能。当前，尚无已知的治疗方法来改善青少年中异常的额骨脑功能。体育锻炼和心肺适应性均已证明对成年人的脑功能有积极影响（143,155-164）。尽管年轻样本中的发现是有希望的（169-179），但很少有研究检查健康青少年的身体活动或心肺适应性是否会影响神经认知功能。此外，尚不清楚体育锻炼或适应性的程度是否会节省慢性MJ暴露在青少年中额叶脑功能上的负面后果。我们的主要目的是1）表征MJ使用对额骨脑功能和连通性的影响，2）确定体育活动或心肺适应性的程度是否适度在青春期正常对照（n = 50）和重型MJ使用者（n = 50）中适度这些影响。这两组将在50％的高度活跃和50％久坐的个体中平衡。体重指数，种族和性别将在各个群体之间保持平衡。青少年将经历一个三周监测的禁欲期，在此期间，将收集连续的活动数据（加速计和日记）。然后，他们将进行最大VO2测试，以建立心肺（有氧）适应性的程度。最后，青少年将进行心理和神经心理电池（测量体育锻炼，营养，物质使用，情绪，个性，应对风格和认知功能），并经过结构和功能性磁共振成像（FMRI）。具体而言，青少年将完成抑制性控制和情感处理fMRI任务。将检查FMRI任务期间MJ使用，体育活动和适应性以及额骨功能和连接性之间的直接和间接关系。还将检查额骨功能的大脑结构和行为相关性。因此，该提案将更好地理解MJ使用对青少年额骨功能的后果，并将确定增加的体育活动或健身是否使这些负面影响正常化。这将导致设计低成本的改善工具，以减少青少年重复使用的负面后果。最终，结果将有助于改善青少年吸毒者的预防策略和行为治疗。 公共卫生相关性：当前的研究将表征大麻（MJ）对健康青少年额叶脑功能的影响。它还将确定体育活动或有氧健身是否使MJ使用对脑功能的负面后果归一化。这些发现将导致降低青春期重复使用MJ的负面后果的可行低成本成瘾或改善工具的发展。