The Effect of Various Reinforcement Schedules on the Persistence of Compliance

各种强化计划对持续合规性的影响

• 批准号: 7969429
• 负责人: Joel Ringdahl
• 金额: $ 7.51万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-07 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7969429
• 关键词: Behavior; Behavior Therapy; Behavioral; Compliant Behaviors; Developmental Disabilities; Evaluation; Exhibits; Exposure to; Extinction (Psychology); Individual; Instruction; Intervention; Literature; Maintenance; Measures; Negative Reinforcements; Outcome; Participant; Phase; Problem behavior; Procedures; Psychological reinforcement; Reinforcement Schedule; Research; Schedule; Specific qualifier value; Time; base; compliance behavior; exhibitions; programs; public health relevance; reinforcer; response; therapy design; time interval; treatment effect; treatment program

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Negative reinforcement (i.e., escape from or avoidance of instructions) has been identified as one of the leading variables responsible for the maintenance of destructive behavior exhibited by individuals with developmental disabilities. Several treatments have been developed to reduce destructive behavior maintained by negative reinforcement. These treatment programs are all similar in that the response-reinforcer relationship responsible for maintaining destructive behavior is disrupted (i.e., extinction is in place). However, they differ with respect to how reinforcers are programmed for delivery. Escape extinction does not program reinforcement delivery. Noncontingent reinforcement, or noncontingent escape (NCE) specifies the delivery of breaks on a time-based schedule. The breaks are delivered regardless of the individual's behavior. Differential negative reinforcement of other behavior (DNRO) specifies the delivery of reinforcers contingent on pre-specified time periods in the absence of destructive behavior. And, differential negative reinforcement of alternative behavior/compliance (DNRA-C) specifies the delivery of reinforcers contingent on compliance with instruction in the absence of destructive behavior. Each of these approaches to treatment has been associated with increases in compliance, even though this behavior is not always targeted for change. One question that arises is whether the increase in compliance that occurs when compliance is targeted by the intervention (DNRA-C) is more durable (i.e., persists longer) than compliance that occurs when compliance is not targeted by the intervention (i.e., NCE and DNRO). The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the persistence of compliance following each of these treatment approaches. Results will have implication for how to best design treatments for destructive behavior that exhibited by individuals with developmental disabilities that may be more durable to treatment challenges (i.e., poor implementation or brief periods of time without treatment in place). PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed research is relevant to the treatment of severe challenging behavior exhibited by individuals with developmental disabilities. It will provide information on how to design treatments that are resilient and have lasting impact.

描述（由申请人提供）：负强化（即摆脱指示或避免说明）已被确定为负责维持发育障碍个人所表现出的破坏性行为的主要变量之一。已经开发了几种治疗方法，以减少负面强化维持的破坏性行为。这些治疗计划都是相似的，因为负责维持破坏性行为的响应增强了关系被中断（即，已经存在灭绝）。但是，它们在如何编程以进行交付方面有所不同。逃生灭绝不会编程加强交付。非转化强化或非转化逃逸（NCE）指定基于时间表的休息时间。无论个人的行为如何，休息时间都会弥补。其他行为的差异负强化（DNRO）指定在没有破坏性行为的情况下，在预先指定的时间段上递送了增强剂。而且，替代行为/依从性（DNRA-C）的差异负强化指定在没有破坏性行为的情况下，辅助方面的增强剂的递送。这些治疗方法中的每一种都与依从性的增加有关，即使这种行为并不总是针对变化。出现的一个问题是，当干预措施（DNRA-C）对准合规性（即持续时间更长）时，依从性的依从性增加是否比遵守干预措施的合规性（即NCE和DNRO）的依从性更长。本研究的目的是评估每种治疗方法遵守依从性的持久性。结果将对如何最好地设计出对破坏性行为的最佳设计治疗方法，这些破坏性行为表现出可能对治疗挑战更耐用的发育障碍（即实施不佳或没有治疗的短暂时期）。 公共卫生相关性：拟议的研究与患有发育障碍的人表现出的严重挑战行为有关。它将提供有关如何设计具有弹性并具有持久影响的治疗方法的信息。