The Effect of Various Reinforcement Schedules on the Persistence of Compliance

各种强化计划对持续合规性的影响

• 批准号: 7969429
• 负责人: Joel Ringdahl
• 金额: $ 7.51万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-07 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7969429
• 关键词: Behavior; Behavior Therapy; Behavioral; Compliant Behaviors; Developmental Disabilities; Evaluation; Exhibits; Exposure to; Extinction (Psychology); Individual; Instruction; Intervention; Literature; Maintenance; Measures; Negative Reinforcements; Outcome; Participant; Phase; Problem behavior; Procedures; Psychological reinforcement; Reinforcement Schedule; Research; Schedule; Specific qualifier value; Time; base; compliance behavior; exhibitions; programs; public health relevance; reinforcer; response; therapy design; time interval; treatment effect; treatment program

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Negative reinforcement (i.e., escape from or avoidance of instructions) has been identified as one of the leading variables responsible for the maintenance of destructive behavior exhibited by individuals with developmental disabilities. Several treatments have been developed to reduce destructive behavior maintained by negative reinforcement. These treatment programs are all similar in that the response-reinforcer relationship responsible for maintaining destructive behavior is disrupted (i.e., extinction is in place). However, they differ with respect to how reinforcers are programmed for delivery. Escape extinction does not program reinforcement delivery. Noncontingent reinforcement, or noncontingent escape (NCE) specifies the delivery of breaks on a time-based schedule. The breaks are delivered regardless of the individual's behavior. Differential negative reinforcement of other behavior (DNRO) specifies the delivery of reinforcers contingent on pre-specified time periods in the absence of destructive behavior. And, differential negative reinforcement of alternative behavior/compliance (DNRA-C) specifies the delivery of reinforcers contingent on compliance with instruction in the absence of destructive behavior. Each of these approaches to treatment has been associated with increases in compliance, even though this behavior is not always targeted for change. One question that arises is whether the increase in compliance that occurs when compliance is targeted by the intervention (DNRA-C) is more durable (i.e., persists longer) than compliance that occurs when compliance is not targeted by the intervention (i.e., NCE and DNRO). The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the persistence of compliance following each of these treatment approaches. Results will have implication for how to best design treatments for destructive behavior that exhibited by individuals with developmental disabilities that may be more durable to treatment challenges (i.e., poor implementation or brief periods of time without treatment in place). PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed research is relevant to the treatment of severe challenging behavior exhibited by individuals with developmental disabilities. It will provide information on how to design treatments that are resilient and have lasting impact.

描述（由申请人提供）：负强化（即，逃避或回避指令）被认为是导致发育障碍个体表现出破坏性行为的主要变量之一。已经开发了几种治疗方法来减少由负强化维持的破坏性行为。这些治疗方案都是相似的，因为负责维持破坏性行为的反应者-破坏者关系被破坏（即，灭绝的地方）。然而，它们在如何编程交付方面有所不同。逃逸熄灭不编程强化输送。非偶然强化或非偶然逃避（NCE）指定在基于时间的计划上提供中断。无论个人的行为如何，都会提供休息。其他行为的差异性负强化（DNRO）规定了在没有破坏性行为的情况下，根据预先指定的时间段提供补充剂。并且，替代行为/依从性的差异负强化（DNRA-C）规定了在没有破坏性行为的情况下，根据对指令的依从性来提供警告。这些治疗方法中的每一种都与依从性的增加有关，尽管这种行为并不总是以改变为目标。出现的一个问题是，当干预（DNRA-C）以依从性为目标时，依从性的增加是否更持久（即，持续时间更长）比当干预不以顺从为目标时发生的顺从（即，NCE和DNRO）。本研究的目的是评价这些治疗方法的依从性的持久性。研究结果将对如何最好地设计对发育障碍个体所表现出的破坏性行为的治疗方法产生影响，这些行为可能对治疗挑战更持久（即，执行不佳或短时间内没有治疗）。 公共卫生关系：拟议的研究是相关的严重挑战性行为表现出的个人发展障碍的治疗。它将提供有关如何设计具有弹性和持久影响的治疗方法的信息。