Contributions of Neural Memory Circuits

描述（由申请人提供）：本项目的长期目标是进一步阐明语言中特质映射和规则支配映射之间区别的神经认知基础。该项目研究了四个问题-可分性，计算/表示，域特异性/一般性和神经相关性-在语言的竞争神经认知模型的背景下。双系统模型认为，特质映射存储在心理词典中，而心理语法是规则支配的复杂语言表征的基础。其中一种观点--陈述性/程序性模型--认为词汇依赖于颞叶陈述性记忆系统，而语法则涉及额叶/基底神经节程序性记忆系统。单系统模型是一个计算系统，否认两种映射之间的绝对区别。以前的心理语言学、发育学、神经学和神经影像学研究，主要是关于规则/不规则形态学的，已经开始梳理这些模型。我们建议在两个维度上复制和扩展研究。(1)语言领域：我们将研究形态音系学（在规则/不规则过去时态，过去分词，复数和派生形态），句法（在补充/附加的区别，并在形态句法功能类别的层次结构），和成分语义（在确定性效果，和负极性项目）。(2)受试者群体：初步数据表明，男性和女性对两种大脑系统的依赖程度不同：男性倾向于撰写复杂的语言表达，而女性倾向于记住它们。因此，我们引入性别作为一个重要的设计因素。具体目标：我们将通过两项互补的研究来测试竞争模型的预测：（i）使用ERP，fMRI和偶极子模型对认知未受损的成年人进行的神经成像研究;（ii）对健康成年人和成年发作性脑损伤患者进行的心理语言学和神经学研究。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term objective of this project is to further elucidate the neurocognitive underpinnings of the distinction in language between idiosyncratic and rule-governed mappings. The project examines four issues - separability, computation/representation, domain-specificity/-generality, and neural correlates - in the context of competing neurocognitive models of language. Dual-system models claim that idiosyncratic mappings are stored in the mental lexicon, while the mental grammar underlies the rule-governed composition of complex linguistic representations. One such view - the declarative/procedural model - argues that the lexicon depends on the temporal-lobe- declarative memory system, whereas grammar involves the frontal/basal-ganglia procedural memory system. Single-system models posit one computational system, denying a categorical distinction between the two types of mapping. Previous psycholinguistic, developmental, neurological and neuroimaging studies, largely on regular/irregular morphology, have begun to tease apart the models. We propose to replicate and extend the research in two dimensions. (1) Linguistic domains: We will examine morpho-phonology (in regular/irregular past tense, past participle, plural, and derivational morphology), syntax (in the complement/adjunct distinction, and in the hierarchy of morphosyntactic functional categories), and compositional semantics (in the definiteness effect, and negative polarity items). (2) Subject groups: Preliminary data suggest that men and women differ in their relative reliance on the two brain systems: Whereas men tend to compose complex linguistic representations, women tend to memorize them. Thus we introduce sex as an important design factor. Specific aims: We will test the predictions of the competing models with two complementary studies: (i) a neuroimaging study of cognitively unimpaired adults, using ERPs, fMRI and dipole modeling; and (ii) a psycholinguistic and neurological study of healthy adults and of adult-onset brain-damaged patients.