Human Locomotor Plasticity in Health and Disease

健康和疾病中的人类运动可塑性

• 批准号: 8464178
• 负责人: Amy J. Bastian
• 金额: $ 30.14万
• 依托单位: HUGO W. MOSER RES INST KENNEDY KRIEGER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-07-01 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8464178
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Affect; Attention; Brain Injuries; Cerebrum; Child; Clinical; Conflict (Psychology); Conscious; Cues; Data; Development; Devices; Disease; Funding; Goals; Grant; Health; Human; Illusions; Individual; Learning; Leg; Motion; Motor; Movement; Nervous system structure; Pattern; Persons; Process; Rehabilitation therapy; Robot; Schedule; Sensory; Structure; Techniques; Testing; Time; Training; Visual; Walking; Work; age effect; base; clinical application; distraction; experience; hemiparesis; improved; motor disorder; motor learning; research study; virtual reality

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Physical rehabilitation is the main treatment for motor disorders. Yet we are far from understanding the essential principles of rehabilitation training in adults, and know even less about children. Our long-term goals are to identify critical features of the motor learning process, understand how they change during development, and discover how to optimize them for rehabilitating children and adults with hemiparesis. Here we focus on optimizing motor learning during split-belt treadmill training, a technique that shows strong promise for producing dramatic improvements in walking patterns. We have shown that deficit exaggeration during split-belt training can correct walking deficits in children and adults with hemiparesis. Specifically, exaggerating the problem by making one leg walk faster than the other drives the nervous system to adapt, and this improves walking patterns when the person returns to normal conditions. We believe that split-belt deficit exaggeration could become an important clinical approach. However, there are two critical motor learning features requiring further study to guide clinical application. First, we need to optimize generalization from split-belt walking to walking under natural conditions. Split-belt adaptation generalizes only partially to natural over-ground walking. This is a common problem with any device or robot based training strategy, where training conditions do not match real-world contexts. Thus, we will study how manipulating the sensory context with virtual reality and changing attention to the movement influence generalization. Second, we need to optimize retention of adapted walking patterns, in order to produce long-term improvements in natural walking. In previous experiments, adaptation faded within 10 20 minutes. In the proposed experiments, we will study how attention and training schedule can be used to extend retention. In all three aims, we will assess effects of age (3-adult) and presence of hemiparesis from cerebral damage. Overall, we believe our results will show how deficit exaggeration during split-belt treadmill training could be used to produce long-term improvements in natural walking.

描述（由申请人提供）：身体康复是运动障碍的主要治疗方法。然而，我们对成人康复训练的基本原则还远远没有了解，对儿童更是知之甚少。我们的长期目标是确定运动学习过程的关键特征，了解它们在发育过程中如何变化，并发现如何优化它们以康复轻偏瘫儿童和成人。在这里，我们专注于优化运动学习在分裂带跑步机训练，一种技术，显示出强大的承诺，产生戏剧性的改善步行模式。我们已经证明，在分裂带训练中的缺陷夸大可以纠正轻偏瘫儿童和成人的步行缺陷。具体来说，通过使一条腿走得比另一条腿快来夸大问题，这会驱动神经系统适应，当人恢复正常状态时，这会改善行走模式。我们认为，分裂带赤字夸大可能成为一个重要的临床方法。然而，有两个关键的运动学习功能需要进一步研究，以指导临床应用。首先，我们需要优化从分裂带行走到自然条件下行走的泛化。分体带适应仅部分推广到自然的地面行走。这是任何基于设备或机器人的训练策略的常见问题，其中训练条件与现实世界的背景不匹配。因此，我们将研究如何操纵与虚拟现实的感觉上下文和改变注意力的运动影响泛化。第二，我们需要优化保持适应的步行模式，以产生长期的改善自然步行。在以前的实验中，适应在10 - 20分钟内消退。在拟议的实验中，我们将研究如何注意和训练计划可以用来延长保留。在所有三个目标中，我们将评估年龄（3-成人）和脑损伤引起的轻偏瘫的影响。总的来说，我们相信我们的研究结果将显示如何在分裂带跑步机训练期间的赤字夸大可以用来产生长期的改善自然行走。