Investigating the Effects of Alcohol and Substance Use During Adolescence Using Multimodal Neuroimaging

项目摘要/摘要 到他们高中毕业时，大约一半的高中年龄的青少年已经尝试过非法 物质一生中至少一次。在青春期，大脑经历快速发展和 成熟，这可能会被酒精和物质使用所破坏。这一领域的大多数调查 通过招募正在接受酒精或酒精治疗的人来关注过度使用的影响 物质使用障碍。因此，关于更规范使用的影响的信息相对较少 青春期的酒精和药物。此外，几乎没有做过什么工作来调查 种族和性别差异之间的关系以及酒精和物质对大脑的影响。长的- 当前项目的长期目标是更好地了解酒精和物质使用对 开发大脑，并利用这一知识改进有针对性的预防和干预工作。这个 拟议的项目将调查核心假设，即青春期饮酒和使用药物会 对大脑结构和功能的弥漫性影响，可以在成年初期看到，特别是在 前额叶皮质(PFC)和海马区。核心假说将通过 研究：1)青少年饮酒与药物使用和脑功能连接的关系 青春期；2)青少年酒精和物质使用与青少年脑结构的关系 成年期；以及3)酒精和药物使用对神经结果的种族和性别差异的影响。 实现这三个目标将使人们更全面地了解青少年酗酒和 物质使用及其对大脑的影响，以及对种族或性别差异是否存在的洞察 这种使用对神经的影响。拟议项目的目标将与一项 正式研究培训计划，由大卫·奈特博士、西尔维·穆格博士和凯伦·克罗普西博士赞助。这个 培训计划的重点是发展1)酒精和药物使用研究方面的专业知识；2)知识和 MRI方法和技术方面的技能；3)解释纵向数据的统计技能；4)科学写作和 演示；以及5)指导技能和经验。完成当前项目将提供一个坚实的 为申请者作为独立调查员的职业生涯奠定基础。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT By the time they finish high school, approximately half of all high school-aged adolescents have tried illicit substances at least once in their lifetime. During adolescence, the brain undergoes rapid development and maturation, which may be disrupted by alcohol and substance use. The majority of investigations in this area have focused on the effects of heavy use by recruiting individuals who are in treatment for an alcohol or substance use disorder. Therefore, there is relatively little information on the effects of more normative use of alcohol and substances during adolescence. Further, there has been very little work done to investigate the relationship between race and sex differences and the effects of alcohol and substance on the brain. The long- term goal of the current project is to better understand the impact of alcohol and substance use on the developing brain and to use that knowledge to improve targeted prevention and intervention efforts. The proposed project will investigate the central hypothesis that alcohol and substance use during adolescence has diffuse effects on brain structure and function which can be seen in emerging adulthood, particularly within regions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus. The central hypothesis will be addressed by examining: 1) the relationship between adolescent alcohol and substance use and functional brain connectivity in young adulthood; 2) the relationship adolescent alcohol and substance use has to brain structure in young adulthood; and 3) the impact race and sex differences in the neural outcomes of alcohol and substance use. Accomplishing these three aims will provide a more comprehensive understanding of adolescent alcohol and substance use and its effects on the brain, as well as provide insight into whether race or sex differences exist in the neural effects of such use. The aims of the proposed project will be completed in conjunction with a formal research training plan, sponsored by Dr. David Knight, Dr. Sylvie Mrug, and Dr. Karen Cropsey. The training plan focuses on developing 1) expertise in alcohol and substance use research; 2) knowledge and skills in MRI methods and techniques; 3) statistical skills to interpret longitudinal data; 4) scientific writing and presentation; and 5) mentorship skills and experience. Completing the current project will provide a solid foundation for the applicant's career as an independent investigator.