Effects of Childhood Maltreatment on Research Domain Neurocircuits

童年虐待对研究领域神经回路的影响

• 批准号: 9520431
• 负责人: MARTIN H TEICHER
• 金额: $ 8.1万
• 依托单位: MCLEAN HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-07-01 至 2019-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9520431
• 关键词: Affect; Age; Age-Years; Amygdaloid structure; Anger; Anhedonia; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Area; Brain; Brain Diseases; Brain imaging; Brain region; Child; Child Abuse and Neglect; Childhood; Chronology; Clinical; Communities; Corpus striatum structure; Costs and Benefits; Data; Data Set; Depressed mood; Detection; Development; Down-Regulation; Emotional; Exposure to; Face; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Gender; Hand; Hippocampus (Brain); Household; Individual; Interview; Knowledge; MRI Scans; Maps; Memory; Mental Depression; Mental disorders; Mission; Morphology; National Institute of Mental Health; Negative Valence; Neurobiology; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Personality; Play; Population Attributable Risks; Positive Valence; Prefrontal Cortex; Psychiatric Diagnosis; Psychopathology; Recording of previous events; Reporting; Research; Research Domain Criteria; Rewards; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; Schizophrenia; Severities; Statistical Methods; Stimulus; Stress; Structure; Symptoms; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Ventral Striatum; Work; anxiety symptoms; base; brain pathway; clinical Diagnosis; data mining; early life stress; experience; fighting; information processing; interest; maltreated children; maltreatment; negative affect; neural circuit; neurobiological mechanism; neuroimaging; novel strategies; recruit; response; reward anticipation; secondary analysis; symptomatology; visual stimulus

The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project was initiated by NIMH to provide a new approach to the assessment of mental disorders that may better suit the research mission of the NIMH. RDoC is based on the premise that mental illnesses are disorders of brain circuits, which consist of regions and pathways that work together to accomplish particular tasks, and if altered can result in psychopathology. We are especially interested in the impact of childhood maltreatment, as maltreatment and household dysfunction are the leading preventable causes of mental illness. Our primary focus is to delineate critical and sensitive periods in brain development when early life stress may alter RDoC-associated neurocircuits. Further, we have also argued that maltreated and non-maltreated individuals with the same primary psychiatric diagnosis are clinically and neurobiologically distinct. What this means is that brain imaging findings, such as reduced hippocampal volume or heightened amygdala response, may be seen in depressed individuals with histories of maltreatment but not in depressed individuals who were not maltreated. Hence, there is also a pressing need to know whether RDoC-associated neurocircuit abnormalities associated with symptoms of anxiety or anhedonia apply to all subjects or are specific to those with histories of maltreatment. Our aim is to test these hypotheses through secondary analyses of a data set that consists of MRI scans from 340 unmedicated individuals 18-25 years of age. These subjects were recruited from the community and have completed the Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure scale that provides retrospective data on severity of exposure to ten types of maltreatment across each year of childhood. More than half of the total sample suffered from depression or anxiety. Two circuits will be examined. One circuit plays an important role in detecting and responding to threats and helps determine our fight of flight response. The other circuit is involved in predicting and evaluating the cost/benefits of rewards in order to determine how hard to work for them. Conventional statistical methods will be used to identify regions and pathways that are susceptible to early life stress, and data mining techniques will then be used to delineate the type and time of maltreatment that had the greatest effect on these structures. This information is important as it will enable us to understand what types of exposure place children at greatest risk for anxiety and depression and their associated neurobiological mechanisms. Further, this information may also reveal times when treatments may be most beneficial.

研究领域标准 (RDoC) 项目由 NIMH 发起，旨在提供一种新方法 可能更适合 NIMH 的研究任务的精神障碍评估。 RDoC 是基于 前提是精神疾病是大脑回路的紊乱，大脑回路由起作用的区域和通路组成 共同完成特定任务，如果改变可能会导致精神病理学。我们特别 对儿童虐待的影响感兴趣，因为虐待和家庭功能障碍是 精神疾病的主要可预防原因。我们的主要重点是划定关键和敏感时期 当早期生活压力可能改变 RDoC 相关神经回路时，大脑发育会受到影响。此外，我们还 认为具有相同主要精神病学诊断的受虐待和未受虐待的个体是 临床和神经生物学上截然不同。这意味着大脑成像发现，例如减少 海马体积或杏仁核反应增强，可能出现在有以下病史的抑郁个体中： 虐待，但没有受到虐待的抑郁症患者则不然。因此，也迫切需要 了解 RDoC 相关的神经回路异常是否与焦虑或焦虑症状相关 快感缺失适用于所有受试者或特定于有虐待史的受试者。我们的目的是测试这些 通过对数据集进行二次分析得出假设，该数据集由 340 名未接受药物治疗的 MRI 扫描组成 18-25岁的个人。这些受试者是从社区招募的，并已完成 虐待和滥用暴露年表，提供暴露严重程度的回顾性数据 童年时期每一年的十种虐待类型。总样本中超过一半的人患有 抑郁或焦虑。将检查两个电路。一个电路在检测和检测中起着重要作用 应对威胁并有助于确定我们的逃跑反应。另一个电路涉及 预测和评估奖励的成本/收益，以确定为之努力工作的程度。 传统的统计方法将用于识别易受早期生命影响的区域和途径 然后将使用数据挖掘技术来描述虐待的类型和时间 对这些结构的影响最大。这些信息很重要，因为它使我们能够了解什么 暴露类型使儿童面临焦虑和抑郁及其相关神经生物学的最大风险 机制。此外，这些信息还可能揭示治疗最有益的时间。