Low-Cost Catalytic Biomass Cookstove for Improved Indoor Air Quality

用于改善室内空气质量的低成本催化生物质炉灶

• 批准号: 9466899
• 负责人: Paul Yelvington
• 金额: $ 20万
• 依托单位: MAINSTREAM ENGINEERING CORPORATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-07-11 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9466899
• 关键词: Acute respiratory infection; Adhesions; Adoption; Air; Air Pollutants; Automobiles; Biomass; Capital; Carbon; Ceramics; Cessation of life; Charities; Chemicals; Chemistry; Construction Materials; Cookstove; Crowding; Developed Countries; Developing Countries; Development; Dimensions; Ensure; Environmental Health; Equipment; Evolution; Exposure to; Focus Groups; Formaldehyde; Funding; Funding Agency; Goals; Guatemala; Guatemalan; Guidelines; Hand; Health; Home environment; Hydrocarbons; Indoor Air Quality; Intellectual Property; International; Iron; Laboratories; Legal patent; Liquid substance; Location; Maintenance; Manufacturer Name; Marketing; Metals; Methods; Modification; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Occupations; Particulate Matter; Performance; Phase; Population; Poverty; Price; Production; Public Health; Recommendation; Safety; Sales; Silicon Dioxide; Soot; Surveys; Techniques; Testing; Toxin; Work; biomass fuel; burden of illness; catalyst; climate change; commercialization; cooking; cost; design; field study; global environment; improved; oxidation; program dissemination; programs; prototype; tool

Project Summary An estimated 2.5 billion people, or about one-third of the world’s population, rely on biomass fuel for cooking. Emissions from biomass cookstoves contribute to global climate change, indoor/local air quality issues, and related health effects. In particular, indoor air quality issues related to biomass cookstoves contribute significantly to rates of acute respiratory infection. Recently developed forced air and “rocket” stoves offer improvements, but are unlikely to consistently meet WHO guidelines for indoor air quality. Emissions of CO, unburned hydrocarbons (including air toxins like formaldehyde) and particulate matter (PM) are especially problematic. Similar to the evolution of emissions controls for automobiles, advanced biomass cookstoves have progressed to the point where inclusion of an oxidation catalyst is the logical next step. However, widely used noble-metal oxidation catalysts are prohibitively expensive. Instead, we proposed the inclusion of a low-cost, alternative oxidation catalyst that is integrated into the stove. In Phase I, the catalyst, originally developed as a diesel soot oxidation catalyst, was synthesized, characterized, and tested in a specialized prototype cookstove. The prototype stove designed and tested in Phase I improved heat transfer to the cooking vessel and included design features that allow fine tuning of the air flow, fuel/air mixing, and heat release. In addition, the prototype stove includes several design features to improve ease-of-use and safety. The Phase I technical approach relied heavily on computational fluid dynamics (CFD), rapid prototyping, and laboratory testing. In Phase II the catalyst was refined further and long term stability was confirmed. Catalyst doping with additional metals was also explored. A focus group conducted in Guatemala was used to design the stove to meet the needs of potential users. After incorporating design changes, a field trial was performed to gauge real-world performance and user acceptance. CRP work will focus on manufacturing the stoves in developing countries where the stoves would be sold or distributed. This approach will lower manufacturing costs and provide local jobs. Unlike other catalysts, the proposed catalyst requires no specialized wet chemistry methods for its synthesis. Catalyst synthesis requires only a furnace and commodity chemicals. All stages of the development will consider local manufacturability, maintenance, and user acceptance. During the CRP we will protect our intellectual property by applying for necessary patents. We will also partner with manufacturing companies to refine drip pan manufacture and catalyst-to-monolith adhesion to ensure artisanal manufacturers can easily replicate the stove. Finally we will work with local Guatemalan partners to identify the best local markets for the stove and explore charitable and carbon-credit stove dissemination programs.

项目摘要 估计有25亿人口，约占世界人口的三分之一，依靠生物质燃料来 烹饪。生物质烹饪炉的排放有助于全球气候变化，室内/当地空气 质量问题和相关的健康影响。特别是，室内空气质量问题与生物质有关 烹饪炉对急性呼吸道感染的发生率显着贡献。最近开发的强迫空气 和“火箭”炉子提供了改进 空气质量。 CO的排放，未燃烧的烃（包括甲醛等空气毒素）和 颗粒物（PM）特别有问题。类似于排放控制的演变 汽车，高级生物质厨师已经发展到包括 氧化催化剂是逻辑下一步。但是，使用广泛使用的高贵金属氧化催化剂是 过于昂贵。相反，我们提出了包括低成本的替代氧化催化剂 该炉子集成到炉子中。在第一阶段，催化剂最初是作为柴油烟灰氧化而开发的 催化剂在专门的原型库台中合成，表征和测试。 在I期设计和测试的原型炉灶将热传递改进到烹饪容器，并 包括设计功能，可以微调气流，燃料/空气混合和热量释放。在 此外，原型炉子还包括几种设计功能，可提高易用性和安全性。这 第一阶段技术方法在计算流体动力学（CFD），快速原型化方面放松了， 和实验室测试。在第二阶段中，催化剂进一步完善，长期稳定性为 确认的。还探索了催化剂掺杂的催化剂。一个焦点小组在 危地马拉被用来设计炉子，以满足潜在用户的需求。编码后 设计更改，进行了现场试验，以衡量现实世界的性能和用户接受。 CRP的工作将重点放在制造炉灶的发展中国家的炉灶上 出售或分发。这种方法将降低制造成本并提供当地工作。与其他不同 催化剂，所提出的催化剂不需要其合成的专门湿化学方法。 催化剂合成仅需要炉子和商品化学品。发展的所有阶段将 考虑本地制造，维护和用户接受。在CRP期间，我们将保护 我们的知识产权通过申请必要的专利。我们还将与制造合作 公司以优化滴水锅制造和催化剂到甲藻的粘附，以确保手工 制造商可以轻松复制炉子。最后，我们将与当地的危地马拉合作伙伴合作 确定炉子最好的本地市场，并探索慈善和碳信用炉 传播计划。

项目成果

Emission Performance and User Acceptance of a Catalytic Biomass Cookstove in Rural Guatemala.

危地马拉农村催化生物质炉灶的排放性能和用户接受度。

• DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03596
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: ACS omega
• 影响因子: 4.1
• 作者: Paulsen,AlexD;Garland,Charity;Lascurain,Javier;Kunsa,TylerA;Rossanese,Madeleine;Jagoe,Kristie;Carpenter,AndrewL;Méndez-Vides,Adolfo;Delapena,Samantha;Yelvington,PaulE
• 通讯作者: Yelvington,PaulE