Low-Cost Catalytic Biomass Cookstove for Improved Indoor Air Quality

用于改善室内空气质量的低成本催化生物质炉灶

• 批准号: 8520811
• 负责人: Paul Yelvington
• 金额: $ 14.94万
• 依托单位: MAINSTREAM ENGINEERING CORPORATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-07-11 至 2013-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8520811
• 关键词: Acute; Acute respiratory infection; Address; Air; Air Pollutants; Automobiles; Award; Benzene; Biomass; Burn injury; Capital; Carbon Black; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Cessation of life; Chemicals; Chemistry; Data Collection; Department of Energy; Developed Countries; Developing Countries; Development; Equipment; Evolution; Exposure to; Fire - disasters; Formaldehyde; Funding; Funding Agency; Glass; Goals; Guidelines; Health; Heating; Home environment; Hydrocarbons; Indoor Air Quality; Kenya; Laboratories; Liquid substance; Location; Maintenance; Marketing; Measurement; Metals; Methods; Nature; Nitrogen Dioxide; Occupations; Outcome; Particulate Matter; Pathway interactions; Performance; Phase; Population; Production; Public Health; Relative (related person); Research; Risk; Science; Small Business Innovation Research Grant; Small Business Technology Transfer Research; Soot; Staging; Testing; Variant; Vent; Work; burden of illness; catalyst; climate change; commercialization; cooking; cost; design; improved; innovation; meetings; oxidation; particle; programs; prototype; public health relevance; response

DESCRIPTION: An estimated 2.5 billion people, or about one-third of the world's population, rely on biomass fuel for cooking. Emissions from biomass cook stoves contribute to global climate change, indoor/local air quality issues, and related health effects. In particular, indoor ir quality issues related to biomass cook stoves contribute significantly to rates of acute respiratory infection. Recently developed forced air and "rocket" stoves offer improvements but are unlikely to consistently meet WHO guidelines for indoor air quality. Emissions of CO, unburned hydrocarbons (including air toxics like formaldehyde) and particulate matter (PM) are particularly problematic. Similar to the evolution of emissions controls for automobiles, advanced biomass cook stoves have progressed to the point where inclusion of an oxidation catalyst is the logical next step. However, the widely used noble-metal oxidation catalysts are prohibitively expensive. Instead, we propose the inclusion of a low-cost alternative oxidation catalyst that is integrated into the stove. The proposed catalyst, originally developed as a diesel soot oxidation catalyst, has previously been synthesized and tested in our laboratory, and its activity for oxidation of black carbon particles has been confirmed. Further catalyst development activities that will be addressed in this program include optimization of the constituent ratios, determining the activity for oxidation of CO and unburned hydrocarbons, and testing in a real-world combustion application. To maximize heat transfer to the contents of the pot, the proposed stove design also includes design features that allow fine tuning of the air flow, fuel/ai mixing, and heat release. The proposed Phase I approach will rely heavily on computational fluid dynamics (CFD), rapid prototyping, and laboratory testing. Laboratory measurements of PM, CO, and hydrocarbon emissions will be performed for both baseline stoves and the prototype low-cost, catalytic stove. The commercialization strategy for the advanced cook stove seeks to manufacture the stoves in developing countries like Kenya, where the stoves would be sold. This approach will lower manufacturing costs and provide local jobs. Unlike other catalysts, the proposed catalyst requires no specialized wet chemistry methods for its synthesis. In contrast, the catalyst synthesis is essentially the same as traditional glass making and requires only a furnace and commodity chemicals. All stages of the development will consider local manufacturability, maintenance, and user acceptance. User acceptance will depend on local cooking traditions and variability of local biomass fuels. We plan to work closely with the CDC and the Global Alliance for Clean Cook stoves to understand user needs and to arrange field trials in Phase II.

描述：估计有25亿人，约占世界人口的三分之一，依靠生物质燃料进行烹饪。生物质库克炉的排放促进了全球气候变化，室内/当地空气质量问题以及相关的健康影响。特别是，与生物质库克炉有关的室内红外质量问题对急性呼吸道感染的发生率显着贡献。最近开发的强迫空气和“火箭”炉提供了改进，但不可能始终如一地满足WHO WHO室内空气质量的指南。 CO，未燃烧的烃（包括甲醛等空气毒剂）和颗粒物（PM）的排放尤其有问题。与汽车排放控制的演变类似，先进的生物质库克炉已经发展到氧化催化剂的含量是合乎逻辑的下一步。但是，广泛使用的贵金属氧化催化剂非常昂贵。取而代之的是，我们提出了集成到炉灶中的低成本替代氧化催化剂。提出的催化剂，最初是作为柴油发展的 先前已经在我们的实验室中合成和测试了烟灰氧化催化剂，并且已经证实了其黑碳颗粒的氧化活性。该程序将要解决的进一步催化剂开发活动包括优化组成比率，确定CO和未燃烧的碳氢化合物的氧化活性，以及​​在现实世界燃烧应用中进行测试。为了最大化热传递到锅中的内容，拟议的火炉设计还包括设计功能，可通过微调空气流，燃料/AI混合和热量释放。提出的I期方法将在很大程度上依赖计算流体动力学（CFD），快速原型和实验室测试。将对基线炉和原型低成本催化炉进行PM，CO和碳氢化合物排放的实验室测量。高级厨师炉的商业化策略旨在制造肯尼亚等发展中国家的炉灶，肯尼亚将在那里出售炉灶。这种方法将降低制造成本并提供当地工作。与其他催化剂不同，该提出的催化剂不需要其合成的专门湿化学方法。相比之下，催化剂合成基本与传统的玻璃制造相同，仅需要炉子和商品化学品。开发的所有阶段都将考虑本地的可制造性，维护和用户接受。用户接受度将取决于当地的烹饪传统和当地生物质燃料的变异性。我们计划与CDC和全球清洁库克炉的联盟紧密合作，以了解用户需求并在第二阶段安排现场试验。

项目成果

Gaseous and Particulate Emissions from a Chimneyless Biomass Cookstove Equipped with a Potassium Catalyst.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.10.122
• 发表时间: 2019-02
• 期刊: Applied energy
• 影响因子: 11.2
• 作者: Alex D. Paulsen;Tyler A. Kunsa;A. Carpenter;Ted J. Amundsen;Nicholas Schwartz;J. Harrington;Jackson Reed;Brett Alcorn;John M. Gattoni;Paul E. Yelvington