Neural Mechanisms of Food Choice in Anorexia Nervosa

神经性厌食症食物选择的神经机制

• 批准号: 9128724
• 负责人: JOANNA E STEINGLASS
• 金额: $ 51.9万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIATRIC INSTITUTE DBA RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR MENTAL HYGIENE, INC
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-18 至 2019-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9128724
• 关键词: Address; Anorexia Nervosa; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Symptoms; Body Weight; Brain; Brain region; Caloric Restriction; Characteristics; Choice Behavior; Cognitive; Collaborations; Corpus striatum structure; Data; Decision Making; Diet; Disease; Dissociation; Distress; Dorsal; Eating; Eating Behavior; Eating Disorders; Employee Strikes; Fat-Restricted Diet; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Figs - dietary; Food; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Habits; Health; Human; Individual; Learning; Life; Link; Measures; Mediating; Mental disorders; Morbidity - disease rate; Neurobiology; Pathology; Pattern; Prefrontal Cortex; Psychophysiology; Research; Research Personnel; Resistance; Rewards; Sampling; Self-control as a personality trait; Severities; Specificity; Staging; Starvation; Study models; Syndrome; System; Techniques; Testing; Translating; Weight; Woman; Work; base; cognitive neuroscience; dietary restriction; flexibility; mortality; neurobiological mechanism; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; novel; novel strategies; preference; programs; psychologic; relating to nervous system; response; restoration; severe mental illness; tool

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Dieting, an attempt to restrict the quantity and/or type of food ingested, is impressively common in the US, especially among women. It is sometimes beneficial, but often ineffective or frustrating, occasionally distressing or even dangerous. Among dieters, 1/3 become "pathological dieters" and 1/4 of these individuals develop eating disorders. The pursuit of a low-calorie/low-fat diet is a hallmark of a range of eating disorders. central challenge is to understand the cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms underlying the persistent choice of a low-calorie diet and how this behavior transitions across the spectrum of dietary restriction, from potentially health-promoting to potentially deadly. A critical hurdle in addressing this challenge is a long-standing gap between research on the neural underpinnings of choice in healthy individuals and research on caloric restriction in eating disorders. In particular, there have been substantial advances in understanding the mechanisms underlying choices in the healthy brain. But studies of eating disorders have generally focused on characterizing brain responses to passive viewing of food - these studies have not specifically linked neural responses to the restrictive eating behavior itself. To overcome this hurdle, the proposed research program seeks to leverage recent advances in human cognitive neuroscience to understand the neurobiological mechanisms underlying food choice across a full spectrum of dietary restriction. Our specific aim is to examine the neural mechanisms guiding active food choice in individuals whose behavior ranges from healthy to pathological dietary restriction. We will use fMRI combined with a Food Choice Task to measure brain activity directly related to choice behavior in a large sample of individuals, across a spectrum of dietary restriction ranging from healthy controls to healthy dieters, to subthreshold AN and to individuals with full syndrome AN. We will also examine decision-making more broadly, using an experimental paradigm that distinguishes habit-based learning systems. Our study will provide the first data demonstrating how food choice mechanisms function in persistent maladaptive dietary restriction, including among individuals with sub-threshold and full syndrome AN. Our central prediction is that as dietary restriction increases in persistence and severity, food choic preferences are mediated by enhanced cortical self-control mechanisms, and increased dorsal striatal habit mechanisms. The proposed linking of cognitive neuroscience and eating disorders will be a major advance toward elucidating the neurobiology of pathological dietary restriction - a salient feature of eating disorders, and could serve as a model for the study of persistent maladaptive behavior in other serious mental illness.

 描述（由申请人提供）：节食，试图限制摄入的食物数量和/或类型，在美国非常普遍，尤其是在女性中。它有时是有益的，但往往无效或令人沮丧，偶尔令人沮丧甚至危险。在节食者中，1/3的人成为“病理性节食者”，1/4的人发展为饮食失调。追求低热量/低脂肪饮食是一系列饮食失调的标志。 核心挑战是了解持续选择低热量饮食的认知和神经生物学机制，以及这种行为如何在饮食限制范围内从潜在的健康促进到潜在的致命转变。解决这一挑战的一个关键障碍是健康个体选择的神经基础研究与饮食失调症热量限制研究之间的长期差距。特别是，在理解健康大脑中的选择机制方面取得了重大进展。但是饮食失调的研究通常集中在描述大脑对被动观看食物的反应-这些研究并没有将神经反应与限制性饮食行为本身联系起来。为了克服这一障碍，拟议的研究计划旨在利用人类认知神经科学的最新进展，以了解在全方位饮食限制下食物选择的神经生物学机制。我们的具体目标是检查神经机制指导积极的食物选择的个人的行为范围从健康到病理性的饮食限制。我们将使用fMRI结合食物选择任务来测量大样本个体中与选择行为直接相关的大脑活动， 饮食限制范围从健康对照到健康节食者，到亚阈值AN和具有完全综合征AN的个体。我们还将使用区分基于习惯的学习系统的实验范式，更广泛地研究决策。我们的研究将提供第一批数据，证明食物选择机制如何在持续适应不良的饮食限制中发挥作用，包括在患有亚阈值和完全综合征AN的个体中。我们的中心预测是，随着饮食限制的持续性和严重性的增加，食物选择偏好是由增强的皮质自我控制机制和增加的背侧纹状体习惯机制介导的。将认知神经科学和饮食失调联系起来的建议将是阐明病理性饮食限制的神经生物学的一个重大进展， 这是饮食失调的一个显著特征，可以作为研究其他严重精神疾病中持续适应不良行为的模型。