Atomically-thin diode integrated into a nanopore DNA Sensor

主要研究者/项目负责人（最后，第一，中间）：Bashir，Rashid 总结： 人类基因组测序有助于提高我们对疾病、遗传和 个性。对更便宜和更快的基因组测序的日益增长的需求促使了 在速度和成本方面超越传统桑格链终止方法的新技术。 这些下一代测序技术的灵感来自于美国科学院提出的1,000美元基因组挑战， 美国国立卫生研究院在2004年-开始革命性的个性化医疗。纳米孔 传感器是目前准备迎接这一挑战的许多DNA测序技术之一。 生物纳米孔如α-溶血素和MspA，其由锚定在孔处的分子马达组成， 已经显示了基于离子电流的ssDNA分子测序的非常有希望的结果，并且使用 这些孔现在由Oxford Nanopores Technologies商业化。然而，生物 纳米孔不提供直接单个核苷酸读取的可能性 久了使用诸如石墨烯、MoS 2等二维材料的固态纳米孔可以 解决了关于感测和控制DNA运动的空间分辨率的这一挑战。 除了坚固性和耐用性之外，固态方法还提供了潜在地制造高性能材料的能力。 纳米孔的密度阵列，有吸引力的机械和化学特性，以及 与新颖的电子检测机制相结合。尽管有潜在的希望，但迄今为止的固态 纳米孔尚未展示DNA测序，解决挑战需要发现新的 传感和易位控制机制。 在这个提议中，我们引入了一种全新类型的传感器，它具有所需的空间分辨率， 纳米并且可以潜在地控制DNA分子的移位。这种高风险，高回报 一种方法包括使用2D异质结构设计纳米级平面外二极管，该2D异质结构包括 单层MoS 2在单层WSe 2上的交叉结。与单层中的纳米孔不同， 新的传感器允许多终端测量，以探测不同的物理现象， 异质结构的同时，使相关的测量和控制的DNA易位 穿过纳米孔反向偏置结处的平面外电场将允许亚纳米的 空间探测的DNA分子，也可以减少测量的变化的严格要求 在其中形成纳米孔的纳米带的面内导电性中。外加偏压和局部电场 场也可用于控制分子的移位速度。理解相对 这些不同信号的贡献、相互作用和串扰是本提案的关键科学目标。的 一个关键的技术目标是使用新的读出模式来实现传感中的单碱基对分辨率 在固态纳米孔中。

Principal Investigator/Program Director (Last, First, Middle): Bashir, Rashid Summary: Sequencing the human genome has helped to improve our understanding of disease, inheritance and individuality. The growing need for cheaper and faster genome sequencing has prompted the development of new technologies that surpass conventional Sanger chain-termination methods in terms of speed and cost. These next-generation sequencing technologies — inspired by the $1,000 genome challenge proposed by the National Institutes of Health in 2004 — are beginning to revolutionize personalized medicine. Nanopore sensors are one of a number of DNA sequencing technologies that are currently poised to meet this challenge. Biological nanopores such as a-hemolysin and MspA, which consist of molecular motors anchored at the pore, have shown very promising results for ionic current based sequencing of ssDNA molecules, and systems using these pores are now being commercialized by Oxford Nanopores Technologies. However, biological nanopores do not provide the potential of direct single nucleotide read since the pore length spans 5-6 bases long. Solid-state nanopores using two-dimensional materials such as graphene, MoS2, and others could address this challenge regarding spatial resolution of sensing and controlling the DNA motion are addressed. As well as robustness and durability, the solid-state approach offers the ability to potentially fabricate high- density arrays of nanopores, attractive mechanical and chemical characteristics, and the possibility of integrating with novel electronic detection mechanisms. Despite the potential promise, to-date solid state nanopores have yet to demonstrate DNA sequencing, and resolving the challenges require discovering new mechanisms of sensing and translocation control. In this proposal, we introduce a completely new type of sensor which has the desired spatial resolution of sub nanometer and can potentially control the translocation of the DNA molecule. This high risk, high reward approach consists of engineering a nanometer scale out of plane diode using a 2D heterostructure consisting of crossed junction of monolayer MoS2 on monolayer WSe2. Unlike the nanopores in single monolayers, the new sensor allows multi-terminal measurements to probe different physical phenomena within the heterostructure simultaneously, enabling correlated measurements and control of the DNA translocation through the nanopore. The out of plane electric fields at the reverse bias junction will allow for sub nanometer spatial probing of the DNA molecule, and can also reduce the stringent requirement of measuring the change in in-plane conductivity of nanoribbons in which nanopores are formed. The applied biases and local electric field can also be used to control the translocation speed of the molecule. Understanding the relative contributions, interaction, and crosstalk of these different signals is the key scientific goal of this proposal. The key technological goal is to use the new readout schema to achieve single base pair resolution in sensing within a solid state nanopore.