Neural processes of speech planning

项目总结 中枢神经系统(CNS)在语音产生过程中密切监测听觉反馈。这 监控过程是学习产生语音和维护语音产生系统的关键。 此外，口吃和几种语言障碍与监测缺陷有关。因此， 理解语音监测的神经机制对于理论的发展和完善至关重要 语言产生和口吃，以及开发理论驱动的治疗方法。当前型号的 Speech完全专注于在语音产生过程中监控过程，而没有解释是否以及如何 CNS在语音启动之前优化听觉系统，以进行语音监控。这种调节作用 机制对于理解口吃尤其重要，因为大多数口吃事件都发生在 单词的起始音/音节，突出口吃个体准备机制的缺陷。这 该研究计划旨在阐明在言语开始之前发生的预测性调节机制。 我们假设中枢神经系统使用一个活跃的过程，在这个过程中，运动预测最佳地调整听觉 语音启动之前的系统，以实现有效的语音监控。通过结合脑电(EEG) 并在语音声学实验范式创新的背景下，提出了我们的研究方案 研究前言语调制现象的三个主要方面将具有直接的理论意义 和长期的临床意义。拟议的研究将a)大大扩展我们对以下方面的认识 优化语音监控的预测机制，以及b)通过以下方式为语音产生理论提供信息 提供(目前缺失的)关于中枢神经系统如何优化听觉系统以实现有效 语音监听。重要的是，鉴于我们之前的报告显示， 卡顿，这项研究计划将为后续R01提案的审查提供坚实的基础 语前感觉调节在口吃神经生物学基础中的作用。最后，我们的发现将 为全新的治疗技术铺平道路(例如，神经反馈训练和非侵入性 神经刺激)，它特别针对语音前调制作为一个有前途的神经目标。

PROJECT SUMMARY The central nervous system (CNS) closely monitors auditory feedback during speech production. This monitoring process is critical for learning to produce speech and maintaining the speech production system. Moreover, stuttering and several speech disorders are associated with deficits in monitoring. Thus, understanding neural mechanisms of speech monitoring is critical for development and refinement of theories of speech production and stuttering, as well as, for development of theory-driven treatments. Current models of speech have focused entirely on monitoring processes during speech production and do not explain if and how the CNS optimizes the auditory system prior to speech initiation for speech monitoring. Such modulatory mechanisms are especially fundamental to the understanding of stuttering, as most stuttering events occur on the initial sound/syllable of words, highlighting deficient preparatory mechanisms in stuttering individuals. This program of research aims at elucidating predictive modulatory mechanisms occurring before speech initiation. We hypothesize that the CNS uses an active process in which motor predictions optimally adjust the auditory system prior to speech initiation for effective speech monitoring. By combining electroencephalography (EEG) and speech acoustics in the context of innovative experimental paradigms, we propose a program of research to study three main aspects of the phenomenon of pre-speech modulation that will have immediate theoretical and long-term clinical implications. The proposed studies will a) substantially expand our knowledge of predictive mechanisms that optimize speech monitoring, and b) inform theories of speech production by providing a (currently missing) account of how the CNS optimizes the auditory system to accomplish effective speech monitoring. Importantly, given our previous reports of lack of pre-speech modulation in individuals who stutter, this program of research will provide a strong foundation for a follow-up R01 proposal to examine contributions of pre-speech sensory modulation in neurobiological bases of stuttering. Finally, our findings will pave the way for completely novel therapeutics techniques (e.g., neuro-feedback training and noninvasive neuro-stimulation) that specifically target pre-speech modulation as a promising neural target.