Social Intelligence training for custodial grandmothers and their adolescent grandchildren

摘要： 我们考察了在线社会智力干预(SII)在改善健康和福利方面的有效性。 监护祖母(CGM)和她们的青少年监护孙子(ACG)通过相互 提高他们的社会能力。这一目标人群特别重要，因为 CGMS和ACG经历了重大的早期生活逆境，导致对他人的高度警惕，不信任， 社会孤立、人际冲突，以及无法从家人和朋友那里获得温暖和支持。 许多研究表明，这些“危险家庭”中的关系挑战往往会导致终生 人际关系困难会增加行为和身体健康问题的可能性。此外， 青春期是社会能力发展的关键时期，受支持的影响较大 母亲形象的关爱和正面模范。然而，因为CGM携带的能力 社会技能的代际传递受到了挑战，研究了联合社会智力训练 对于CGM-ACG来说，DUADS对于逆转这种负面后遗症是有价值的。然而，到目前为止，还没有其他调查人员 就这么做了。为了解决这一差距，我们将进行一项在线随机临床试验，共有340名国家招募人员参加 CGM-ACG(12-18岁)被分配到SII或注意力控制条件下。数据将是 在测试前和测试后，以及在3、6和9个月的随访中通过电话填写的问卷获得。 每日日记将从170个随机挑选的二人组中在线收集，定性访谈将包括 对60名双亲进行了调查，以探讨SII如何影响他们的日常社交能力和社会关系。我们会 获得关键社会认知过程、亲密人际关系质量的定量和定性测量 领带、心理健康和身体健康。管理医疗、犯罪和教育记录 还将获得所有340个二元数据，用于成本效益分析，以检查公众负担的变化 系统。这些混合方法允许对四个具体目标进行严格检查：(1)调查SII 增强社交能力，进而在关系质量、幸福感和 身体健康；这包括确定一个二人组成员的社交能力增加是否会导致伴侣 (2)检查累积风险、性别和年龄是否适中SII疗效；(3)研究 CGM-ACG双方如何定性地认为SII已经改变了他们的社会能力并产生了 积极成果；以及(4)评估SII对参与者及其社区的经济利益。 这些目的是解决一个非常重要的公共卫生问题，这将为未来支持广泛的 一系列高风险家庭，如监护祖父母，他们通常没有足够的机会获得正式支助 服务。我们的SII具有优势，因为它价格低廉，在线交付，不会造成耻辱，并且能够 接触到地理上分散的、非常需要支持性方案的目标人群。

SUMMARY: We examine the efficacy of an online Social Intelligence Intervention (SII) at improving the health and well- being of custodial grandmothers (CGMs) and their adolescent custodial grandchildren (ACG) through mutual enhancement of their social competencies. This target population is of particular importance because both CGMs and ACG experience significant early life adversities that lead to hypervigilance of others, mistrust, social isolation, interpersonal conflict, and the inability to garner warmth and support from family and friends. Numerous studies have shown that these relational challenges within “risky families” often lead to life-long interpersonal difficulties that increase the probability of behavioral and physical health problems. Furthermore, adolescence is a key period for the development of social competence, which is influenced by supportive caregiving and positive modeling from female parent figures. However, because the ability of CGMs to carry out this intergenerational transmission of social skills is challenged, examining joint social intelligence training for CGM-ACG dyads is valuable for reversing this negative sequela. Yet, to date, no other investigators have done so. To address this gap, we will conduct an online randomized clinical trial with 340 nationally-recruited CGM-ACG (ages 12-18) dyads assigned to either the SII or an attention control condition. Data will be obtained at pre- and post-test, and at 3-, 6-, and 9-month follow-ups via questionnaires completed by phone. Daily dairies will be collected online from 170 randomly selected dyads, and qualitative interviews will be conducted with 60 dyads to probe how the SII affected their daily social competence and social ties. We will obtain quantitative and qualitative measures of key social cognitive processes, quality of close interpersonal ties, psychological well-being, and physical health. Administrative medical, criminal, and education records for all 340 dyads will also be obtained for cost-benefit analyses that examine changes in burden on public systems. These mixed-methods allow rigorous examination of four specific aims: (1) To investigate if the SII enhances social competencies that, in turn, produce long-term changes in relationship quality, well-being, and physical health; this includes determining if increased social competence in one dyad member leads to partner effects in the other; (2) To examine if cumulative risk, gender, and age moderate SII efficacy; (3) To study qualitatively how CGM-ACG dyads view the SII as having changed their social competencies and yielded positive outcomes; and (4) To assess the financial benefits of the SII to participants and their communities. These aims address a highly significant public health problem that will inform future efforts to support a wide range of high risk families, like custodial grandfamilies, who typically have insufficient access to formal support services. Our SII is advantageous because it is inexpensive, delivered online, non-stigmatizing, and capable of reaching a target population that is geographically disperse and greatly in need of supportive programming.