Policy Studies Component

政策研究部分

• 批准号: 9294080
• 负责人: MARGARET Ann POTTER
• 金额: $ 4.1万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9294080
• 关键词: Address; Adoption; Characteristics; Collaborations; Communicable Diseases; Computer Simulation; Diffusion; Diffusion of Innovation; Evaluation; Evaluation Methodology; Feedback; Foundations; Health Policy; Information Dissemination; Knowledge; Modeling; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Policies; Policy Maker; Policy Making; Public Health; Research; Research Personnel; Resource Allocation; Science; Science Policy; Social Sciences; Translating; Translational Research; Translations; evidence base; improved; infectious disease model; innovation; population health; sound; theories; tool

To narrow the gap between science and policy, MIDAS researchers need not only to produce sound results but also to implement sound strategies to assure utility of and access to those results: that is, to support the translation of research to policy. This Policy Studies Component proposes to advance the translation of modeling results and tools to policy making for infectious disease mitigation. We define translation as the use of new knowledge in practice, including policy making. Translation in science is analogous to innovation in management, and diffusion-of-innovation studies suggest an evidence-based foundation for policy translation. Diffusion theory points to the importance of the "weak network": one that features a few nodes whose connections channel an information-exchange between two separate networks. In this Policy Studies Component, we take advantage of existing and new researcher-policy maker collaborations. They connect through weak networks across which the leaders in each exchange information (dissemination) and then serve as implementers within each (diffusion). We propose that the translation of modeling results and tools to public health policy depends on the weak network between modelers and policy makers who use dissemination and diffusion to channel information and feedback. Two Specific Aims will explore whether this proposition is a feasible and revealing framework for the study of policy translation: (1) Engage policy makers in identifying and addressing public health needs for modeling results and tools. This focus is on exploring the problems appropriate for applications of modeling, the optimal construction of models to address users' questions, and the appropriate circumstances for the use of modeling approaches by practitioners and policy makers. (2) Evaluate strategies for translating modeling results and tools into public health policy. This aim will address questions such as: What strategies effectively translate modeling to policy applications? What organizational factors facilitate the adoption of modeling tools and results by policy makers? What characteristics typify the early adopters and thought leaders who encourage further diffusion of modeling? A synthesis of theory, research, and case examples leads to a conceptual model for Policy Studies. This Push/Pull Model is innovative in its combination of dissemination and diffusion strategies and its evaluation methodology grounded in social science. The Push/Pull Model is embedded in the integrated decision support pathway and captures both diffusion theory and the actual researcher-policy maker collaborations existing in MIDAS.

为了缩小科学和政策之间的差距，MIDAS的研究人员不仅需要产生合理的结果 而且还执行合理的战略，以确保利用和获得这些成果：即，支持 将研究转化为政策。本政策研究构成部分建议提前翻译 模拟结果和工具，以制定减轻传染病的政策。我们把翻译定义为 在实践中使用新知识，包括制定政策。科学上的翻译类似于 管理创新和创新扩散研究表明， 政策翻译。扩散理论指出了“弱网络”的重要性：一个具有少数特征的网络 其连接在两个单独的网络之间进行信息交换的节点。在本政策中 研究部分，我们利用现有的和新的研究人员-政策制定者合作。他们 通过弱网络连接，每个领导人都通过该网络交换信息(传播)和 然后在每个(扩散)中充当实施者。我们认为，模型结果的转换 公共卫生政策的工具依赖于模型制定者和政策制定者之间的薄弱网络 他们利用传播和扩散来引导信息和反馈。两个具体目标将 探讨这一命题是否为政策翻译研究提供了一个可行且具有启发性的框架：(1) 让政策制定者参与确定和解决公共卫生需求，以模拟结果和 工具。本文的重点是探索适合于建模应用的问题，即最优 构建模型以解决用户的问题，以及使用 从业人员和政策制定者的建模方法。(2)评价模型翻译策略 将成果和工具纳入公共卫生政策。这一目标将解决以下问题：什么战略 有效地将建模转换为策略应用程序？哪些组织因素有助于采用 政策制定者的建模工具和结果？早期采用者和思想的典型特征是什么 鼓励进一步推广模特儿的领导人？理论、研究和案例的综合 引出了一个政策研究的概念模型。此推/拉模式的创新之处在于它将 以社会科学为基础的传播和扩散战略及其评价方法。这个 Push/Pull模型嵌入到集成决策支持路径中，并捕获了两者的扩散 MIDAS中存在的理论和实际研究人员-政策制定者合作。