UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH PREPAREDNESS AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE RESEARCH CENTER

描述（由申请人提供）：虽然在过去六年中，公共卫生系统的备灾和应急能力有所提高，但仍存在合理的担忧。由于缺乏有意义的指标来衡量应对紧急情况的效力和效率，继续阻碍着衡量各州和地方“准备情况”的努力。匹兹堡大学准备和应急响应研究中心（UP-PERRC）将开展研究，以制定标准和指标，用于衡量准备和应急响应系统的有效性和效率，并应用于基于证据的准备规划和基于信息的应急响应决策。UP-PERRC将在复杂适应系统建模的统一基础上进行多学科研究。在所有灾害应对系统的预期结果的同时，UP-PERRC最初将侧重于不同强度和规模的传染病爆发;在资助期间的后期，将根据从业者、政策制定者和研究人员商定的优先事项增加其他灾害类型。四个研究项目组的地理设置将结合联合收割机国家、州和地区的具体设置，允许关注城市、郊区、农村和混合人口区域。研究顾问将包括来自麦基-梅隆大学、公共卫生基金会和沃尔什农村健康分析中心的专家，以及应急规划人员和管理人员、公共卫生机构、司法机构、医院和私人商业利益。UP-PERRC将制定绩效改进的标准和措施、示范法律和道德标准、规划建模工具以及应急响应期间决策支持建模工具。UP-PERRC将建立经验丰富的研究人员和新的研究人员的数量，并将资助试点研究，以吸引来自其他来源的额外资金。其他成果包括公共卫生机构采用绩效改进标准，颁布示范法规和道德标准，以及从业人员和决策者使用建模和决策支持工具。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Though capacities for preparedness and emergency response within the public health system have increased during the past six years, justifiable concerns persist. The lack of meaningful indicators of effectiveness and efficiency in response to emergencies continues to impede attempts to measure "readiness" among states and localities. The University of Pittsburgh Preparedness and Emergency Response Research Center (UP-PERRC) will conduct research to generate criteria and metrics for measuring the effectiveness and efficiency of preparedness and emergency response systems with applications for both evidence-based preparedness planning and information-based emergency response decision- making. UP-PERRC will conduct multi-disciplinary research with a unifying foundation in complex adaptive systems modeling. While intending results for all hazards response systems, UP-PERRC will focus initially on infectious disease outbreaks of varying intensity and scale; later in the funding period, additional hazard types will be added according to the priorities agreed upon by the practitioners, policy makers, and researchers. The geographic settings for four Research Project Arms will combine national, state-specific, and region-specific settings, permitting attention to urban, suburban, rural, and mixed demographic areas. Research advisors will include experts from Carnegie-Mellon University, the Public Health Foundation, and the Walsh Center for Rural Health Analysis as well as emergency planners and managers, public health agencies, the judiciary, hospitals, and private business interests. UP-PERRC will produce criteria and measures for performance improvement, model laws and ethical standards, a modeling tool for planning, and a modeling tool for decision-support during emergency response. UP-PERRC will build the numbers of experienced researchers and new investigators and will fund pilot studies to attract additional funding from other sources. Other outcomes include the uptake of performance improvement criteria by public health agencies, the enactment of model statutes and ethical standards, and the use of modeling and decision-support tools by practitioners and policy makers.