UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH PREPAREDNESS AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE RESEARCH CENTER

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管在过去六年中，公共卫生系统内的准备和应急响应能力有所提高，但合理的担忧仍然存在。缺乏对紧急情况作出反应的有效性和效率的有意义的指标，继续阻碍衡量各州和地方“准备情况”的努力。匹兹堡大学准备和应急响应研究中心（UP-PERRC）将开展研究，生成标准和度量标准，用于测量准备和应急响应系统的有效性和效率，并应用于基于证据的准备计划和基于信息的应急响应决策。UP-PERRC将在复杂自适应系统建模的统一基础上开展多学科研究。在为所有危害反应系统准备结果的同时，UP-PERRC最初将侧重于不同强度和规模的传染病暴发；在资助期的后期，将根据从业人员、政策制定者和研究人员商定的优先级增加额外的危害类型。四个研究项目部门的地理设置将结合国家、州和地区的具体设置，允许关注城市、郊区、农村和混合人口区域。研究顾问将包括来自卡内基-梅隆大学、公共卫生基金会和沃尔什农村卫生分析中心的专家，以及应急计划和管理人员、公共卫生机构、司法机构、医院和私营企业的专家。UP-PERRC将制定改进绩效的标准和措施、示范法和道德标准、规划建模工具和应急响应期间决策支持建模工具。UP-PERRC将建立经验丰富的研究人员和新的研究人员的数量，并将资助试点研究，以吸引其他来源的额外资金。其他成果包括公共卫生机构采用绩效改进标准，制定示范法规和道德标准，以及从业人员和决策者使用建模和决策支持工具。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Though capacities for preparedness and emergency response within the public health system have increased during the past six years, justifiable concerns persist. The lack of meaningful indicators of effectiveness and efficiency in response to emergencies continues to impede attempts to measure "readiness" among states and localities. The University of Pittsburgh Preparedness and Emergency Response Research Center (UP-PERRC) will conduct research to generate criteria and metrics for measuring the effectiveness and efficiency of preparedness and emergency response systems with applications for both evidence-based preparedness planning and information-based emergency response decision- making. UP-PERRC will conduct multi-disciplinary research with a unifying foundation in complex adaptive systems modeling. While intending results for all hazards response systems, UP-PERRC will focus initially on infectious disease outbreaks of varying intensity and scale; later in the funding period, additional hazard types will be added according to the priorities agreed upon by the practitioners, policy makers, and researchers. The geographic settings for four Research Project Arms will combine national, state-specific, and region-specific settings, permitting attention to urban, suburban, rural, and mixed demographic areas. Research advisors will include experts from Carnegie-Mellon University, the Public Health Foundation, and the Walsh Center for Rural Health Analysis as well as emergency planners and managers, public health agencies, the judiciary, hospitals, and private business interests. UP-PERRC will produce criteria and measures for performance improvement, model laws and ethical standards, a modeling tool for planning, and a modeling tool for decision-support during emergency response. UP-PERRC will build the numbers of experienced researchers and new investigators and will fund pilot studies to attract additional funding from other sources. Other outcomes include the uptake of performance improvement criteria by public health agencies, the enactment of model statutes and ethical standards, and the use of modeling and decision-support tools by practitioners and policy makers.