UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH PREPAREDNESS AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE RESEARCH CENTER

说明(申请人提供)：尽管公共卫生系统内的备灾和应急能力在过去六年中有所提高，但有理由的关切依然存在。在应对紧急情况方面缺乏有意义的效力和效率指标，继续阻碍衡量国家和地方之间“准备情况”的努力。匹兹堡大学准备和应急响应研究中心(UP-PERRC)将进行研究，以生成衡量准备和应急系统的有效性和效率的标准和指标，并应用于基于证据的准备规划和基于信息的应急决策。UP-PERRC将在复杂适应系统建模方面进行具有统一基础的多学科研究。在拟定所有灾害应对系统的成果的同时，UP-PERRC将首先关注不同强度和规模的传染病暴发；在资助期的晚些时候，将根据从业者、政策制定者和研究人员商定的优先事项增加额外的危险类型。四个研究项目ARM的地理环境将结合国家、州和地区的环境，允许关注城市、郊区、农村和混合人口区域。研究顾问将包括来自卡内基-梅隆大学、公共卫生基金会和沃尔什农村健康分析中心的专家，以及应急规划者和管理人员、公共卫生机构、司法机构、医院和私人商业利益集团。UP-PERRC将制定业绩改进的标准和措施、示范法和道德标准、规划的建模工具和应急期间决策支持的建模工具。UP-PERRC将建立经验丰富的研究人员和新调查人员的数量，并将资助试点研究，以吸引来自其他来源的额外资金。其他成果包括公共卫生机构采纳业绩改进标准、颁布示范法规和道德标准以及从业人员和政策制定者使用建模和决策支持工具。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Though capacities for preparedness and emergency response within the public health system have increased during the past six years, justifiable concerns persist. The lack of meaningful indicators of effectiveness and efficiency in response to emergencies continues to impede attempts to measure "readiness" among states and localities. The University of Pittsburgh Preparedness and Emergency Response Research Center (UP-PERRC) will conduct research to generate criteria and metrics for measuring the effectiveness and efficiency of preparedness and emergency response systems with applications for both evidence-based preparedness planning and information-based emergency response decision- making. UP-PERRC will conduct multi-disciplinary research with a unifying foundation in complex adaptive systems modeling. While intending results for all hazards response systems, UP-PERRC will focus initially on infectious disease outbreaks of varying intensity and scale; later in the funding period, additional hazard types will be added according to the priorities agreed upon by the practitioners, policy makers, and researchers. The geographic settings for four Research Project Arms will combine national, state-specific, and region-specific settings, permitting attention to urban, suburban, rural, and mixed demographic areas. Research advisors will include experts from Carnegie-Mellon University, the Public Health Foundation, and the Walsh Center for Rural Health Analysis as well as emergency planners and managers, public health agencies, the judiciary, hospitals, and private business interests. UP-PERRC will produce criteria and measures for performance improvement, model laws and ethical standards, a modeling tool for planning, and a modeling tool for decision-support during emergency response. UP-PERRC will build the numbers of experienced researchers and new investigators and will fund pilot studies to attract additional funding from other sources. Other outcomes include the uptake of performance improvement criteria by public health agencies, the enactment of model statutes and ethical standards, and the use of modeling and decision-support tools by practitioners and policy makers.