Understanding Social Affiliative Deficits in Psychopathology

正如RDoC社会过程研讨会所定义的那样，联系是积极的社会参与， 与他人的互动。人们把归属的欲望描述为人类的一种基本动机。 然而，在多种临床疾病和这些附属疾病中， 残疾对个人、其家庭成员和社会都有毁灭性的后果。尽管 社会联系障碍的主要临床意义，导致联系障碍的因素 我们对此知之甚少。我们提出了一个多方法评估一个大的和多样化的临床样本， 研究社会关系缺陷如何与a）神经系统的社会调节有关， 通过一种新的功能磁共振成像范式来评估情绪，以研究在体情绪的社会调节， 从属关系的背景，B）与社会奖励相关的神经过程，c）学习积极的 他人的情感价值，以及d）行为亲和技能。与RDoC一致，此应用程序将 包括跨分析单元（包括电路、行为和自我报告）评估联系过程 在精神病患者的跨诊断样本中。关于神经系统的研究 在社会系统中，一个可能构成社会接触动机的强大机制是社会调节， 情绪，特别是威胁反应的社会调节。我们建议使用一种新的范式， 在实验室内建立从属关系，随后将研究这种从属关系如何 在功能磁共振成像扫描中调节对压力源的情绪反应（亲和关系的关键功能）。 具体来说，我们将检验这一假设，即亲和赤字与社会失败有关。 接触以在压力源的背景下下调神经活动。除了加入的好处之外， 当对威胁做出反应时，社会关系的动机可能来自神经系统的激活。 系统参与奖励。我们还将探讨奖励回路对亲和性损伤的贡献 同时使用社会和金钱奖励模式。除了神经反应，这项研究还将 研究个体如何形成基于行为的对他人的印象，这种印象可能促进或阻碍 社会关系我们将检验这一假设，即联系缺陷与 使用基于行为的个人信息来形成关于情感的积极印象的能力 社会环境中的他人价值。最后，行为社交技能是有效的基础。 沟通和被认为是至关重要的社会能力。我们将检验这样一个假设， 社会关系的损害与行为关系技能的缺陷具体相关。拟议 这项研究将提供一个综合的视角，以促进我们对神经和行为因素的理解 导致临床人群中社会关系受损，这项研究将提供见解 这将为制定干预措施提供信息，以解决这种从属关系方面的障碍。

As defined by the RDoC Social Processes Workshop, affiliation is the engagement in positive social interactions with others. The desire to affiliate has been described as a fundamental human motivation. However, impairments in the drive to affiliate occur across multiple clinical disorders and these affiliative impairments have devastating consequences for individuals, their family members, and society. Despite the major clinical significance of impairments in social affiliation, the factors that contribute to affiliative impairment are poorly understood. We propose a multi-method assessment of a large and diverse clinical sample to examine how social affiliative deficits are associated with a) the social regulation of neural systems relating to emotion as assessed through a novel fMRI paradigm for studying the in vivo social regulation of emotion in the context of affiliative relationships, b) neural processes associated with social reward, c) learning of the positive affective value of others, and d) behavioral affiliative skills. Consistent with the RDoC, this application will include assessment of affiliation processes across units of analyses including circuits, behavior, and self-report within a transdiagnostic sample of individuals with psychotic disorders. With regard to the study of neural systems, a powerful mechanism that may underlie the motivation for social contact is the social regulation of emotion, particularly the social regulation of threat responding. We propose the use of a novel paradigm to create affiliative relationships within the lab and subsequently will examine how this affiliative relationship regulates emotional responding to a stressor (a key function of affiliative relationships) within an fMRI scan. Specifically, we will examine the hypothesis that affiliative deficits are associated with the failure of social contact to down regulate neural activity in the context of a stressor. In addition to the benefits that affiliation provides when responding to threat, the motivation for social relationships may derive from activation of neural systems involved in reward. We will also explore the contribution of reward circuits to affiliative impairment using both social and monetary reward paradigms. Beyond neural responding, the proposed study will examine how individuals form behavior-based impressions of others in ways that may facilitate or impede social affiliation. We will examine the hypothesis that deficits in affiliation are associated with impairments in the ability to use behavior-based person information to form positive impressions concerning the affective value of others in the social environment. Finally, behavioral social skills form the basis for effective communication and are thought to be critical to social competence. We will examine the hypothesis that impairments in social affiliation are specifically related to deficits in behavioral affiliative skills. The proposed study will provide an integrative perspective to advance our understanding of the neural and behavioral factors that give rise to impairments in social affiliation within clinical populations and this research will provide insights that will inform the development of interventions to address such impairments in affiliation.