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Policy and Training Intervention in Responsible Marijuana Sales Practices to Reduce the Risk of Selling to Intoxicated Customers

负责任的大麻销售实践的政策和培训干预，以降低向醉酒客户销售的风险

基本信息

批准号：
10444728
负责人：
DAVID B BULLER
金额：
$ 68.38万
依托单位：
KLEIN BUENDEL, INC.
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2023
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2023-09-20 至 2027-08-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10444728
关键词：
Adherence Alaska Alcoholic Intoxication Alcohols Area Automobile Driving Awareness Biometry Blood Cannabis retail Chicago Consumption County Crossover Design Disputes Doctor of Philosophy Educational Intervention Effectiveness of Interventions Evaluation Face Funding Gills Goals Human Resources Impairment Impulsive Behavior Injury Intervention Intoxication Laws Legal Letters Licensing Marijuana Marketing Modeling Morbidity - disease rate Motivation National Institute of Drug Abuse Oregon Outcome Study Persons Policies Policy Research Prevention Prevention approach Principal Investigator Protocols documentation Randomized Randomized, Controlled Trials Recreation Regulation Reporting Reproducibility Research Research Institute Research Personnel Risk Risk Reduction Sales Testing Training Vehicle crash Vendor Violence Washington Work alcohol services comparison group design distilled alcoholic beverage driving skills effectiveness testing falls field sobriety tests high risk impaired driving performance improved innovation marijuana use metropolitan mortality prevent risk perception skills social uptake vehicular accident

项目摘要

The new recreational marijuana markets are contributing to morbidity and mortality due to marijuana- and polysubstance-impaired driving and other harms by selling a social intoxicant (i.e., marijuana) to already intoxicated customers. Impairment increases when marijuana is combined with alcohol, making driving particularly risky and also contributing to other injuries and violence. In recreational marijuana markets, deterrence efforts to reduce impaired driving directed at drivers face challenges due to dispute over THC levels in per se laws and lack of valid field sobriety tests. An alternative prevention approach is to decrease access to marijuana by alcohol-impaired customers. The goal of this research is to test the effectiveness of a policy and training (PT) intervention in the state-licensed recreational marijuana market in Oregon, where state law bans sales to obviously-intoxicated customers. It combines policy efforts by state regulators to increase deterrence of Oregon’s law and motivate store management to comply and training of store personnel in skills to recognize intoxication and refuse sales, using a responsible marijuana vendor online training developed by the research team. The specific aims of the project are to: 1) conduct pseudo-intoxicated patron (PiP) assessments at state- licensed recreational marijuana stores (n=213) in the greater Portland metropolitan area (i.e., Clackamas, Multnomah, and Washington Counties) in Year 1; 2) implement a PT intervention in Year 2 designed to increase compliance with Oregon law prohibiting sale of recreational marijuana products to obviously- intoxicated customers with a subsample of stores (n=68), assigned at random, that intends to a) make owners/managers of recreational marijuana stores aware of Oregon’s law prohibiting sales of marijuana to obviously-intoxicated customers, b) increase their risk perception and motivation to comply with this law, and c) train store personnel in skills needed to recognize signs of intoxication in customers and refuse sales; 3) compare PT intervention stores to usual and customary policy and training (UC-PT) stores (n=145) in a randomized controlled trial by posttesting state-licensed recreational marijuana stores in greater Portland with PiP assessments for refusal of sales in Year 3; and 4) estimate impact of the PT intervention on refusal to PiPs by implementing the PT intervention with the remaining stores in Portland in Year 3 in a partial cross-over design and assessing state-licensed stores in greater Portland with the PiP protocol in Year 4 and in Year 5. The research is innovative and high impact by testing one of the first interventions to prevent recreational marijuana sales to obviously-intoxicated customers in one of the first states to ban such sales to reduce the risk of poly-substance impaired driving and other harms. The design allows for reproducibility by using a partial cross-over to enhance power with both between- and within-group comparisons. The PT intervention can be a model intervention to improve compliance with regulations on recreational marijuana sales in other states that have legalized recreational marijuana, now numbering 17 U.S. states, or that are considering legalization.

新的娱乐性大麻市场正在导致因大麻和大麻引起的发病率和死亡率通过向已经存在的人出售社交麻醉品（即大麻）而导致多物质影响驾驶和其他危害陶醉的顾客。当大麻与酒精混合时，损伤会增加，从而使驾驶尤其危险，还会导致其他伤害和暴力。在休闲大麻市场，由于四氢大麻酚含量存在争议，减少针对驾驶员的不清醒驾驶的威慑努力面临挑战本身法律和缺乏有效的现场清醒测试。另一种预防方法是减少接触酗酒的顾客吸食大麻。本研究的目的是测试政策的有效性和对俄勒冈州州许可的娱乐性大麻市场进行培训（PT）干预，该州法律禁止向明显喝醉的顾客销售。它结合了国家监管机构的政策努力，以加强对俄勒冈州的法律并激励商店管理层遵守并对商店人员进行技能培训以识别醉酒和拒绝销售，使用由研究开发的负责任的大麻供应商在线培训团队。该项目的具体目标是：1）在州进行伪醉酒顾客（PiP）评估大波特兰都市区（即 Clackamas、摩特诺玛县和华盛顿县）第一年； 2) 在第二年实施 PT 干预，旨在加强对俄勒冈州法律的遵守，禁止将娱乐性大麻产品销售给明显- 醉酒顾客的商店子样本 (n=68) 是随机分配的，目的是 a) 娱乐性大麻商店的业主/经理了解俄勒冈州法律禁止向以下人士销售大麻明显醉酒的顾客，b) 提高他们的风险认知和遵守本法律的动力，以及 c) 对商店人员进行识别顾客醉酒迹象并拒绝销售所需的技能培训； 3）将 PT 干预商店与通常和习惯的政策和培训 (UC-PT) 商店 (n=145) 进行比较对大波特兰州许可的休闲大麻商店进行后测试的随机对照试验第三年拒绝销售的 PiP 评估； 4) 估计 PT 干预对拒绝 PiP 的影响通过在第 3 年对波特兰的其余商店实施部分交叉的 PT 干预在第 4 年和第 5 年使用 PiP 协议设计和评估大波特兰市的国家授权商店。通过测试第一个预防娱乐性干预措施的研究具有创新性和高影响力向明显醉酒的顾客销售大麻，是首批禁止此类销售以降低风险的州之一多物质影响驾驶和其他危害。该设计允许通过使用部分交叉以增强组间和组内比较的力量。 PT 干预可以是模型干预，以提高对其他州娱乐性大麻销售法规的遵守情况美国已有 17 个州已将娱乐性大麻合法化，或正在考虑将其合法化。