Intervening to Prevent Youth Access to Marijuana

 描述（由申请人提供）： 2012年科罗拉多和华盛顿大麻合法化是自禁酒令结束以来美国药物滥用政策最戏剧性的变化。这些州正在实施向21岁或21岁以上成年人零售娱乐大麻的监管和执法制度，类似于州对酒精销售的控制。2013年，美国司法部（DOJ）发布指令，将监督这些州是否实施了强有力和有效的监管和执法系统，其中包括司法部的其他优先事项，防止向青少年分发大麻。有效减少向未成年人（和醉酒顾客）非法销售酒精的零售干预措施是酒精饮料服务器培训（或负责任的饮料服务培训- RBS），目前有36个州要求或鼓励。科罗拉多州最近颁布了一项法律，鼓励大麻零售商和雇员培训（RMV），华盛顿正在考虑RMV。在第一阶段SBIR中，我们将通过实现以下目标来评估创建和评估在线RMV的可行性：1）与a）零售店的所有者/经理和店员以及B）州和地方监管机构和执法官员探讨RMV的概念/内容; 2）与使用大麻的所有者/经理、店员和未成年人一起检查潜在的未成年人销售; 3）在流程图和故事板中并通过编程一个模块来开发原型RMV; 4）与所有者/经理、职员和当地监管机构/官员一起评估原型RMV; 5）确定有资格纳入第二阶段随机试验的许可大麻零售店;以及6）估计当前的 使用伪赞助人评估向未成年人销售大麻的拒绝率。一个由地方和州监管机构、零售大麻持牌销售商和负责任饮料服务培训专家组成的专家咨询委员会将就研究程序提供建议，并评估研究结果，以确定在第二阶段研究中全面生产和评估RMV的可行性。SBIR研究的长期目标是迫切需要的，而且极其重要，因为毒品供应的增加与大麻的开始有关，尽管有类似的国家控制，但许多未成年人饮酒。此外，拟议中的研究将产生非常大的影响，因为它将创建一个由第三方（而不是大麻行业）有效RMV的模型，可以由已经合法化零售大麻销售或将在未来这样做的州使用。在线RMV计划将是对一个非常独特的情况的首次干预，这是美国第一个法律的大麻零售市场。大麻行业以外的第三方对RMV的商业潜力目前尚未开发，零售大麻市场有望在未来几年内大幅增长。国家药物滥用研究所（NIDA）的工作人员证实，对RMV的研究，其目标是防止向未成年人分发，符合NIDA的优先事项，以支持对大麻政策变化的社会，行为和公共卫生影响的研究，包括娱乐性大麻合法化。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The legalization of marijuana in Colorado and Washington in 2012 is the most dramatic change in substance abuse policy in the United States since the end of Prohibition. These states are implementing regulatory and enforcement systems for the retail sales of recreational marijuana to adults 21 years or older, akin to state controls on the sale of alcohol. In 2013, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) issued directives that it would monitor whether these states implemented strong and effective regulatory and enforcement systems that among other DOJ priorities, prevented distribution of marijuana to youth. A retail sales intervention that has been effective at reducing illegal alcohol sales to minors (and intoxicated patrons) is alcoholic beverage server training (or Responsible Beverage Service training - RBS), which is currently required or incentivized by 36 states. Colorado recently enacted a law for incentivized marijuana vendor training (RMV) for retail licensees and employees and Washington is considering RMV. In this Phase I SBIR, we will evaluate the feasibility of creating and evaluating an online RMV by achieving the following aims: 1) to explore the concept/content of RMV with a) owners/managers and clerks in retail outlets and b) state and local regulators and enforcement officials; 2) to examine potential under-age sales with owners/managers, clerks, and minors who use marijuana; 3) to develop a prototype RMV in flowcharts and storyboards and by programming one module; 4) to evaluate the prototype RMV with owners/managers, clerks, and local regulators/officials; 5) to identify licensed marijuana retail outlets eligible for inclusion in a randomized trial in Phase II; and 6) to estimate current refusal rates of sales of marijuana to minors using pseudo-patron assessment. An Expert Advisory Board comprised of local and state regulators, retail cannabis licensed sellers, and experts in responsible beverage service training will advise on research procedures and evaluate study outcomes for feasibility of moving to full production and evaluation of the RMV in Phase II research. The long-term objectives of the SBIR research are urgently needed and extremely significant as increased drug availability is linked to marijuana initiation and many minors drink alcohol despite similar state controls. Also, the proposed research will have a very large impact, for it will create a model of effective RMV by a third-party (not the cannabis industry) that can be used by states that have legalized retail marijuana sales or will do so in th future. The online RMV program will be a first-of-its-kind intervention for a highly unique circumstance, the first legal U.S. retail markets for marijuana. The commercial potential for RMV by a third party outside the cannabis industry is currently untapped, and the retail cannabis market is poised to grow tremendously in the next few years. Staff at the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) has confirmed that research on RMV, with its goal of preventing distribution to minors, fits NIDA's priority to support research on social, behavioral, and public health impacts of policy changes on marijuana, including recreational marijuana legalization.