Intervening to Prevent Youth Access to Marijuana Phase II

 描述(申请人提供)：阿拉斯加、科罗拉多州、俄勒冈州和华盛顿州大麻合法化是自禁烟结束以来美国药物滥用政策最戏剧性的变化。这些州正在实施向21岁或21岁以上成年人零售娱乐用大麻的监管和执法制度，类似于国家对酒精销售的控制。2013年，美国司法部(DoJ)发布指令，表示将监测这些州是否实施了强大而有效的监管和执法制度，其中包括防止向青少年分发大麻。在减少对未成年人(和醉酒的顾客)的非法酒类销售方面，有效的零售干预措施是酒精饮料服务员培训(或负责任的饮料服务培训-RBS)。最近，科罗拉多州颁布了一项激励负责任的大麻供应商(RMV)培训的法律，俄勒冈州将要求进行RMV培训，华盛顿则提议对其进行激励。在SBIR第一阶段研究中，我们的团队确定了创建和评估在线RMV培训的可行性，方法是a)与零售点的所有者/经理和店员以及州和地方监管机构和执法官员一起探索RMV的概念/内容；b)与所有者/经理、店员和未成年人一起检查未成年人销售；c)开发和评估RMV培训的原型，在大纲和故事板中，并通过与零售店人员和当地官员编程一个模块；d)确定有资格进行随机试验的获得许可的大麻零售店；和e)用假赞助人(PP)买家评估估计当前向未成年人销售大麻的拒售率。由州和地方监管机构、有执照的大麻零售销售商和来自这些州的负责任的饮料服务专家组成的专家咨询委员会(EAB)确认了护理培训方式的可行性。在此SBIR第二阶段应用程序中，我们建议1)提供照顾负责任的大麻供应商(RMV)培训的方法，介绍零售大麻销售法律、防止向未成年人销售大麻的方法(即身份检查和防止第三方销售)、大麻对健康的影响(例如，酒后驾车；胎儿暴露；剂量；(2)对科罗拉多州、俄勒冈州和华盛顿州的150家大麻零售店进行了一项随机试验，对照的是接受常规和惯例(UC)培训的对照网点，并检查了倾向方式对RMV结果的影响(在没有明显有效身份证件的情况下拒绝接受PP)。SBIR研究的长期目标是迫切需要的，而且极其重要，因为更多的药物供应与大麻的启动有关。拟议的研究将产生非常大的影响。我们由第三方(不是大麻行业)进行的有效的RMV培训将是第一次在高度统一的环境下进行此类培训，这是美国第一个合法的大麻零售市场。这种方式的商业潜力尚未开发，而且可能非常大，因为随着越来越多的州考虑大麻合法化，市场有望大幅增长。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The legalization of marijuana in Alaska, Colorado, Oregon, and Washington is the most dramatic change in U.S. substance abuse policy since the end of Prohibition. These states are implementing regulatory and enforcement systems for the retail sales of recreational marijuana to adults 21 years or older, akin to state controls on the sale of alcohol. In 2013, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) issued directives that it would monitor whether these states implemented strong and effective regulatory and enforcement systems that among other DOJ priorities, prevented distribution of marijuana to youth. A retail sales intervention that has been effective at reducing illegal alcohol sales to minors (and intoxicated patrons) is alcoholic beverage server training (or Responsible Beverage Service training - RBS). Recently, Colorado enacted a law for incentivized responsible marijuana vendor (RMV) training, Oregon will require RMV training, and Washington proposes to incentivize it. In SBIR Phase I research, our team established the feasibility of creating and evaluating an online RMV training by a) exploring the concept/content of RMV with owners/managers and clerks in retail outlets and state and local regulators and enforcement officials; b) examining under-age sales with owners/managers, clerks, and underage individuals; c) developing and evaluating a prototype RMV training, Way To Tend, in an outline and storyboards and by programming one module with retail outlet personnel and local officials; d) identifying licensed marijuana retail outlets eligible for a randomized trial; and e) estimating current refusal rates of sales of marijuana to minors with a pseudo-patron (PP) buyer assessment. An Expert Advisory Board (EAB) comprised of state and local regulators, licensed retail cannabis sellers, and experts in responsible beverage service from these states confirmed the feasibility of the Way To Tend training. In this SBIR Phase II application, we propose to 1) produce the Way To Tend responsible marijuana vendor (RMV) training presenting retail marijuana sales laws, methods for preventing sales to minors (i.e., ID checking and preventing third party sales), the health effects of marijuana (e.g., driving under the influence; fetal exposure; dosing; and safe storage), and rules of the trade (e.g., tracking and safety procedures and sales to intoxicated patrons) and 2) conduct a randomized trial of Way To Tend in a sample of 150 retail marijuana outlets in Colorado, Oregon and Washington against control outlets who receive usual and customary (UC) training and examine Way To Tend's impact on RMV outcomes (refusals to PP without apparently valid IDs). The long-term objectives of the SBIR research are urgently needed and extremely significant as increased drug availability is linked to marijuana initiation. The proposed research will have a very large impact. Our effective RMV training by a third-party (not the cannabis industry) will be a first-of-its-kind for a highly uniqe circumstance, the first legal U.S. retail marijuana markets. The commercial potential for Way To Tend is untapped and potentially very large, for the market is poised to grow tremendously as more states consider legalization of marijuana.