Interaction of physical activity and sleep in early childhood and their influence on cognition and the hippocampus

项目总结 尽管体力活动、久坐行为和睡眠(即24小时行为)与 对于年龄较大的儿童和成人的认知和大脑结果，研究仅限于儿童早期，通常 分别检查这些行为。鉴于幼儿时期是大脑和大脑的重要时期 认知发展和健康的习惯(例如，少坐时间、高体力活动和充足的 睡眠)的形成，本研究的目的是检查24小时行为、认知和 早期的大脑结构(即海马体体积，因为这个结构是学习和记忆的关键大脑区域) 童年。这项建议的目的是确定24小时的行为是否与认知有关 表现和2)儿童早期的海马体体积。来自两项正在进行的研究的数据 将使用儿童早期(即33至71个月的儿童)午睡对记忆的好处：临床 具有一个测量期的试验(NIH R01 HL111695)和纵向临床试验(NIH R21 HD094758/NSF 1749280)，一年内有三个测算期。为了实现这个项目的目标，横截面 并对两项研究参与者的不同分组进行纵向分析。 测量将包括从16天的动作记录中在每个24小时行为中花费的时间(即， 通过手腕监视器进行加速测量)、来自多个评估的认知表现以及海马体体积 通过核磁共振成像。这项提案的目的具有公共卫生意义，因为它们将 确定对健康行为、学习和认知功能进行干预的潜在机会窗口 生命的关键发育期。这些发现可以为未来的干预研究、家庭实践、 幼儿教育政策，以及24小时周期的全面指导方针。总的来说，建议的 发展计划包括发展科学、睡眠、神经认知等方面的培训活动 测量、统计分析和科学写作。成功完成本拟议的培训计划 将导致向同行评议期刊提交几篇第一作者手稿和一项基本研究 基金会支持一项有竞争力的早期职业资助提案。该奖学金将提供受保护的时间和 为成功完成研究和培训目标提供独特的跨学科指导。

PROJECT SUMMARY Although physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep (i.e., 24-hr behaviors) have been associated with cognitive and brain outcomes in older children and adults, studies are limited in early childhood and typically examine these behaviors separately. Given that early childhood serves as an important time for brain and cognitive development and when healthy habits (i.e., low sedentary time, high physical activity, and sufficient sleep) are formed, the goal of this research is to examine the relations between 24-hr behaviors, cognition, and brain structure (i.e., hippocampal volume, as this structure is a key brain region to learning and memory) in early childhood. The aims of this proposal are to determine if 24-hr behaviors are associated with 1) cognitive performance and 2) hippocampal volume in early childhood. Data from two ongoing studies examining the benefits of napping on memory in early childhood (i.e., children ages 33 to 71 months) will be used: a clinical trial (NIH R01 HL111695) with one measurement period and a longitudinal clinical trial (NIH R21 HD094758/NSF 1749280) with three measurement periods over one year. To address the aims of this project, cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses from various subgroups of participants of the two studies will be conducted. Measurements will include time spent in each of the 24-hr behaviors from 16-days of actigraphy (i.e., accelerometry via a wrist monitor), cognitive performance from multiple assessments, and hippocampal volume from magnetic resonance imaging. The aims of this proposal have public health significance in that they will identify potential windows of opportunity to intervene on health behaviors, learning, and cognitive function at a critical developmental period of the lifespan. The findings can inform future intervention studies, family practices, early childhood education policies, and comprehensive guidelines for a 24-hr cycle. Collectively, the proposed development plan incorporates activities for training in developmental science, sleep, neurocognitive measurement, statistical analyses, and scientific writing. Successful completion of this proposed training plan will result in several submissions of first-author manuscripts to peer-reviewed journals and an essential research foundation to support a competitive early career funding proposal. The fellowship will provide protected time and unique cross-disciplinary mentorship for successful completion of research and training goals.