Interaction of physical activity and sleep in early childhood and their influence on cognition and the hippocampus

项目摘要 虽然身体活动、久坐行为和睡眠（即，24小时行为）与 认知和大脑的结果在较大的儿童和成人，研究是有限的，在幼儿期， 分别考察这些行为。鉴于幼儿期是大脑发育的重要时期， 认知发展和当健康的习惯（即，久坐不动的时间少，体力活动多， 本研究的目的是探讨24小时行为、认知和 脑结构（即，海马体积，因为该结构是学习和记忆的关键脑区域）。 童年.这项建议的目的是确定24小时的行为是否与1）认知 表现和2）海马体积在幼儿期。来自两项正在进行的研究的数据， 在幼儿期小睡对记忆的好处（即，儿童年龄33至71个月）将被使用：临床 试验（NIH R 01 HL 111695），有一个测量期和一项纵向临床试验（NIH R21 HD 094758/NSF 1749280），一年内有三个测量期。为了实现本项目的目标， 并对两项研究的不同参与者分组进行纵向分析。 测量将包括从16天的体动记录（即， 通过腕部监测器的加速度计）、来自多个评估的认知表现和海马体积 磁共振成像的结果该提案的目的具有公共卫生意义，因为它们将 确定潜在的机会窗口，以干预健康行为，学习和认知功能， 生命的关键发展期。这些发现可以为未来的干预研究，家庭实践， 幼儿教育政策和24小时教育周期综合指导方针。总体而言，拟议的 发展计划包括发展科学、睡眠、神经认知 测量，统计分析和科学写作。成功完成本拟议培训计划 将导致第一作者手稿的几个提交同行评审的期刊和一个必要的研究 基金会支持一个有竞争力的早期职业资助提案。研究金将提供受保护的时间， 独特的跨学科指导，以成功完成研究和培训目标。

PROJECT SUMMARY Although physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep (i.e., 24-hr behaviors) have been associated with cognitive and brain outcomes in older children and adults, studies are limited in early childhood and typically examine these behaviors separately. Given that early childhood serves as an important time for brain and cognitive development and when healthy habits (i.e., low sedentary time, high physical activity, and sufficient sleep) are formed, the goal of this research is to examine the relations between 24-hr behaviors, cognition, and brain structure (i.e., hippocampal volume, as this structure is a key brain region to learning and memory) in early childhood. The aims of this proposal are to determine if 24-hr behaviors are associated with 1) cognitive performance and 2) hippocampal volume in early childhood. Data from two ongoing studies examining the benefits of napping on memory in early childhood (i.e., children ages 33 to 71 months) will be used: a clinical trial (NIH R01 HL111695) with one measurement period and a longitudinal clinical trial (NIH R21 HD094758/NSF 1749280) with three measurement periods over one year. To address the aims of this project, cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses from various subgroups of participants of the two studies will be conducted. Measurements will include time spent in each of the 24-hr behaviors from 16-days of actigraphy (i.e., accelerometry via a wrist monitor), cognitive performance from multiple assessments, and hippocampal volume from magnetic resonance imaging. The aims of this proposal have public health significance in that they will identify potential windows of opportunity to intervene on health behaviors, learning, and cognitive function at a critical developmental period of the lifespan. The findings can inform future intervention studies, family practices, early childhood education policies, and comprehensive guidelines for a 24-hr cycle. Collectively, the proposed development plan incorporates activities for training in developmental science, sleep, neurocognitive measurement, statistical analyses, and scientific writing. Successful completion of this proposed training plan will result in several submissions of first-author manuscripts to peer-reviewed journals and an essential research foundation to support a competitive early career funding proposal. The fellowship will provide protected time and unique cross-disciplinary mentorship for successful completion of research and training goals.