Molecular regulation of the AP2 clathrin adaptor complex
Molecular regulation of the AP2 clathrin adaptor complex
批准号:
10369000
负责人:
Gunther Hollopeter
金额:
$36.22万
依托单位:
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2019
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2019-04-01 至 2024-03-31
关键词:
AddressAlzheimer&aposs DiseaseAnimalsAnkyrin RepeatBindingBiochemicalBiological AssayCaenorhabditis elegansCardiovascular DiseasesCardiovascular systemCell membraneCell physiologyCellsCellular biologyCholesterolClathrinClathrin AdaptorsCollaborationsComplexCoupledCryoelectron MicroscopyDataDiseaseEarEndocytosisEnsureEukaryotic CellEventFaceFunctional disorderGenesGeneticGenetic ScreeningGoalsGrowth FactorHealthHeartHepatitisImageInfluenzaKnock-outLigandsLiposomesMalignant NeoplasmsMediatingMedicalMembraneMissense MutationModelingMolecularMolecular ConformationMolecular MachinesMoltingMutagenesisNamesNephronophthisisNeurodegenerative DisordersNeurologicNeuromodulatorOutcomePaperPathologicPatternPeptide HydrolasesPhenocopyPhospholipidsPhosphorylationPhosphotransferasesPhysiologicalPhysiologyProcessProtein FamilyProteinsProteomicsReceptor SignalingRecyclingRegulationResearchRoleRouteSignal TransductionStructureSystemTestingTherapeuticTimeTissuesVesicleViralVirusVirus Diseasesbaseenhancer-binding protein AP-2in vitro Assayin vivoinnovationinsightmacromoleculemolecular rearrangementmutantneoplasticnovelparticlepolymerizationrational designreceptor bindingspatiotemporalstemstructural biologytooltrafficking
中文摘要
网格蛋白介导的胞吞作用是进入我们细胞的主要途径
英文摘要
Abstract Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is the main port of entry into our cells for medically relevant
substances including cholesterol-laden particles and viruses such as influenza and hepatitis. By engulfing
signaling receptors, this fundamental cellular process also tunes our sensitivity to the potentially pathological
actions of growth factors and neuromodulators. As such, understanding how the underlying endocytic
machinery is regulated promises to reveal novel mechanisms that could be harnessed to control neoplastic,
neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and viral diseases. At the heart of the endocytic process lies the AP2
clathrin adaptor complex which appears to undergo a conformational change during vesicle formation to
actively couple membrane and cargo to the clathrin coat. Despite the central role of AP2, we lack critical
details about how this molecular machine is regulated in vivo and how this regulation influences multicellular
systems. To address this need, we have developed innovative tools in C. elegans that allow us to quantify
AP2 activity at multiple levels and have employed deep genetic screens to identify three conserved protein
families that appear to govern AP2 conformation and activity. Our goal is to illuminate how these allosteric
regulators of the endocytic machinery function mechanistically. In Aim 1 we will validate our hypothesis that
adaptiN-Ear-Binding Coat-Associated Proteins (NECAP)s counteract the active (open) conformation of AP2
to ensure proper recycling of adaptor complexes. We have discovered that AP2 accumulates in an active
state in NECAP mutants, and that NECAPs specifically bind open, phosphorylated forms of AP2. Using cryo-
EM we have determined that the phosphorylated AP2 core bound to NECAP is conformationally inactive. We
will validate this structure in vivo and whether it reflects the end product of NECAP activity. Previously it was
thought that membrane phospholipids, cytosolic cargo domains, and phosphorylation by the AP2-associated
kinase (AAK1) activate AP2. Our preliminary data indicate that a conserved region of the membrane-
associated Fer/Cip4 Homology Domain-only (FCHo) proteins is required to promote endocytosis by
converting AP2 to an active complex. We have named this functionally important domain the AP2 Activator,
or APA. In Aim 2 we will determine where the APA binds AP2 using cryo-EM and test whether the APA is
sufficient to induce a structural rearrangement of AP2, as well as defining the roles of membrane, cargo, and
phosphorylation in that process. We will evaluate the physiological significance of AP2 phosphorylation by
characterizing kinase mutants. In our new Aim 3 we will examine how membrane trafficking influences tissue
physiology using our suite of assays to study a novel mutant in a tissue patterning inversin/nephronophthisis-
2 protein called MLT-4 that phenocopies loss of AP2 activity. The long-term impact of the proposed research
will be to clarify how fundamental cellular machinery is controlled with spatiotemporal precision in metazoans,
where misregulation leads to important diseases.
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Molecular regulation of the AP2 clathrin adaptor complex
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批准号:10393918
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$0.89万
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财政年份:2019
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负责人:Gunther Hollopeter
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依托单位:
Molecular regulation of the AP2 clathrin adaptor complex
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批准号:10595520
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项目类别:
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资助金额:$36.31万
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财政年份:2019
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负责人:Gunther Hollopeter
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依托单位:
Molecular regulation of the AP2 clathrin adaptor complex
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批准号:9900825
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$36.53万
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财政年份:2019
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负责人:Gunther Hollopeter
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依托单位:
Molecular regulation of the AP2 clathrin adaptor complex
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批准号:10582196
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项目类别:
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资助金额:$24.99万
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财政年份:2019
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负责人:Gunther Hollopeter
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依托单位: