Molecular regulation of the AP2 clathrin adaptor complex
Molecular regulation of the AP2 clathrin adaptor complex
批准号:
10595520
负责人:
Gunther Hollopeter
金额:
$36.31万
依托单位:
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2019
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2019-04-01 至 2024-03-31
关键词:
AddressAlzheimer&aposs DiseaseAnimalsAnkyrin RepeatBindingBiochemicalBiological AssayCaenorhabditis elegansCardiovascular DiseasesCardiovascular systemCell membraneCell physiologyCellsCellular biologyChargeCholesterolClathrinClathrin AdaptorsCollaborationsComplexCoupledCryoelectron MicroscopyCrystallographyDataDiseaseEarEndocytosisEnsureEukaryotic CellEventFaceFunctional disorderGenesGeneticGenetic ScreeningGoalsGrowth FactorHealthHeartHepatitisImageInfluenzaKnock-outLigand BindingLiposomesMalignant NeoplasmsMediatingMedicalMembraneMissense MutationModelingMolecularMolecular ConformationMolecular MachinesMoltingMutagenesisNamesNephronophthisisNeurodegenerative DisordersNeurologicNeuromodulatorOutcomePaperPathologicPatternPeptide HydrolasesPhenocopyPhospholipidsPhosphorylationPhosphotransferasesPhysiologicalPhysiologyPolymersProcessProtein FamilyProteinsProteomicsReceptor SignalingRecyclingRegulationResearchRoleRouteSignal TransductionStructureSystemTestingTherapeuticTimeTissuesVesicleViralVirusVirus DiseasesVisualizationenhancer-binding protein AP-2in vitro Assayin vivoinnovationinsightmacromoleculemolecular rearrangementmutantneoplasticnovelparticlepolymerizationrational designreceptor bindingspatiotemporalstemstructural biologytooltrafficking
中文摘要
摘要 网格蛋白介导的内吞作用是进入我们细胞的主要端口,
包括胆固醇颗粒和病毒,如流感和肝炎。 通过吞噬
信号受体,这一基本的细胞过程也调整了我们对潜在的病理变化的敏感性。
生长因子和神经调质的作用。 因此,了解潜在的内吞是如何
机器被调节有望揭示新的机制,可以利用这些机制来控制肿瘤,
神经变性、心血管和病毒性疾病。 内吞过程的核心是AP 2
网格蛋白接头复合物,其在囊泡形成期间似乎经历构象变化,
主动将膜和货物偶联到网格蛋白外套上。 尽管AP 2发挥着核心作用,但我们缺乏关键的
关于这种分子机器如何在体内调节以及这种调节如何影响多细胞的细节。
系统. 为了满足这一需求,我们开发了C语言的创新工具。 让我们能够量化
AP 2活性在多个水平,并采用了深入的遗传筛选,以确定三个保守的蛋白质
家族似乎支配AP 2构象和活性。 我们的目标是阐明这些变构
内吞机制的调节器以机械方式起作用。在目标1中,我们将验证我们的假设,
adaptiN-Ear-Binding Coat-Associated Proteins(NECAP)s抵消AP 2的活性(开放)构象,
以确保接头复合物的适当再循环。 我们已经发现,AP 2在一个活跃的细胞中积累,
在NECAP突变体中表达,且NECAP特异性结合AP 2开放磷酸化形式。使用低温冷冻
EM我们已经确定,磷酸化的AP 2核心结合NECAP是构象失活。我们
将在体内验证这种结构,以及它是否反映了NECAP活性的最终产物。先前报告为
我认为,膜磷脂、胞质货物结构域和AP 2-β相关的磷酸化,
激酶(AAK 1)激活AP 2。 我们的初步数据表明,一个保守的区域的膜-蛋白酶,
相关的Fer/Cip 4同源结构域-单核苷酸(FCHo)蛋白是促进内吞作用所必需的,
将AP 2转化为活性复合物。我们将这个功能重要的结构域命名为AP 2激活剂,
或者阿帕 在目标2中,我们将使用冷冻电镜确定阿帕结合AP 2的位置,并测试阿帕是否
足以诱导AP 2的结构重排,以及定义膜、货物和
在这个过程中的磷酸化。 我们将评估AP 2磷酸化的生理意义,
表征激酶突变体。在我们的新目标3中,我们将研究膜运输如何影响组织
生理学使用我们的一套测定来研究组织模式倒位/肾单位营养不良中的新突变体
2蛋白称为MLT-144,表型模仿AP 2活性的丧失。拟议研究的长期影响
将阐明在后生动物中,基本的细胞机制是如何被时空精确控制的,
在那里,失调会导致严重的疾病。
英文摘要
Abstract Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is the main port of entry into our cells for medically relevant
substances including cholesterol-laden particles and viruses such as influenza and hepatitis. By engulfing
signaling receptors, this fundamental cellular process also tunes our sensitivity to the potentially pathological
actions of growth factors and neuromodulators. As such, understanding how the underlying endocytic
machinery is regulated promises to reveal novel mechanisms that could be harnessed to control neoplastic,
neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and viral diseases. At the heart of the endocytic process lies the AP2
clathrin adaptor complex which appears to undergo a conformational change during vesicle formation to
actively couple membrane and cargo to the clathrin coat. Despite the central role of AP2, we lack critical
details about how this molecular machine is regulated in vivo and how this regulation influences multicellular
systems. To address this need, we have developed innovative tools in C. elegans that allow us to quantify
AP2 activity at multiple levels and have employed deep genetic screens to identify three conserved protein
families that appear to govern AP2 conformation and activity. Our goal is to illuminate how these allosteric
regulators of the endocytic machinery function mechanistically. In Aim 1 we will validate our hypothesis that
adaptiN-Ear-Binding Coat-Associated Proteins (NECAP)s counteract the active (open) conformation of AP2
to ensure proper recycling of adaptor complexes. We have discovered that AP2 accumulates in an active
state in NECAP mutants, and that NECAPs specifically bind open, phosphorylated forms of AP2. Using cryo-
EM we have determined that the phosphorylated AP2 core bound to NECAP is conformationally inactive. We
will validate this structure in vivo and whether it reflects the end product of NECAP activity. Previously it was
thought that membrane phospholipids, cytosolic cargo domains, and phosphorylation by the AP2-associated
kinase (AAK1) activate AP2. Our preliminary data indicate that a conserved region of the membrane-
associated Fer/Cip4 Homology Domain-only (FCHo) proteins is required to promote endocytosis by
converting AP2 to an active complex. We have named this functionally important domain the AP2 Activator,
or APA. In Aim 2 we will determine where the APA binds AP2 using cryo-EM and test whether the APA is
sufficient to induce a structural rearrangement of AP2, as well as defining the roles of membrane, cargo, and
phosphorylation in that process. We will evaluate the physiological significance of AP2 phosphorylation by
characterizing kinase mutants. In our new Aim 3 we will examine how membrane trafficking influences tissue
physiology using our suite of assays to study a novel mutant in a tissue patterning inversin/nephronophthisis-
2 protein called MLT-4 that phenocopies loss of AP2 activity. The long-term impact of the proposed research
will be to clarify how fundamental cellular machinery is controlled with spatiotemporal precision in metazoans,
where misregulation leads to important diseases.
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Molecular regulation of the AP2 clathrin adaptor complex
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批准号:10393918
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$0.89万
-
财政年份:2019
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负责人:Gunther Hollopeter
-
依托单位:
Molecular regulation of the AP2 clathrin adaptor complex
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批准号:10369000
-
项目类别:
-
资助金额:$36.22万
-
财政年份:2019
-
负责人:Gunther Hollopeter
-
依托单位:
Molecular regulation of the AP2 clathrin adaptor complex
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批准号:9900825
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$36.53万
-
财政年份:2019
-
负责人:Gunther Hollopeter
-
依托单位:
Molecular regulation of the AP2 clathrin adaptor complex
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批准号:10582196
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$24.99万
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财政年份:2019
-
负责人:Gunther Hollopeter
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依托单位: