Molecular regulation of the AP2 clathrin adaptor complex
Molecular regulation of the AP2 clathrin adaptor complex
批准号:
10595520
负责人:
Gunther Hollopeter
金额:
$36.31万
依托单位:
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2019
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2019-04-01 至 2024-03-31
关键词:
AddressAlzheimer&aposs DiseaseAnimalsAnkyrin RepeatBindingBiochemicalBiological AssayCaenorhabditis elegansCardiovascular DiseasesCardiovascular systemCell membraneCell physiologyCellsCellular biologyChargeCholesterolClathrinClathrin AdaptorsCollaborationsComplexCoupledCryoelectron MicroscopyCrystallographyDataDiseaseEarEndocytosisEnsureEukaryotic CellEventFaceFunctional disorderGenesGeneticGenetic ScreeningGoalsGrowth FactorHealthHeartHepatitisImageInfluenzaKnock-outLigand BindingLiposomesMalignant NeoplasmsMediatingMedicalMembraneMissense MutationModelingMolecularMolecular ConformationMolecular MachinesMoltingMutagenesisNamesNephronophthisisNeurodegenerative DisordersNeurologicNeuromodulatorOutcomePaperPathologicPatternPeptide HydrolasesPhenocopyPhospholipidsPhosphorylationPhosphotransferasesPhysiologicalPhysiologyPolymersProcessProtein FamilyProteinsProteomicsReceptor SignalingRecyclingRegulationResearchRoleRouteSignal TransductionStructureSystemTestingTherapeuticTimeTissuesVesicleViralVirusVirus DiseasesVisualizationenhancer-binding protein AP-2in vitro Assayin vivoinnovationinsightmacromoleculemolecular rearrangementmutantneoplasticnovelparticlepolymerizationrational designreceptor bindingspatiotemporalstemstructural biologytooltrafficking
中文摘要
摘要细胞骨架蛋白介导的细胞内吞作用是细胞进入细胞内的主要途径,具有重要的医学意义。
物质,包括高胆固醇的空气颗粒,以及其他病毒,如流感病毒和肝炎。这些物质是通过吞噬食物而产生的。
信号和受体,这一基本的细胞调控过程也调整了我们的细胞敏感性,以防止这种潜在的病理性疾病。
生长因子和神经调节剂的作用。如此一来,我们就需要理解这些潜在的内吞调节因子是如何发挥作用的。
机械设备受到监管,并承诺将进一步披露新的控制机制,即可以利用这些机制来控制肿瘤。
神经退行性疾病、心血管疾病、癌症和病毒性疾病。最重要的是内吞过程的核心是AP2。
笼状蛋白是一种复合体,它似乎在囊泡形成过程中经历了一次构象变化。
积极地将膜技术和货运技术结合在一起,为包络蛋白大衣提供服务。尽管AP2发挥着核心作用,但我们仍然缺乏关键的技术。
关于这一新的分子生物学机制如何在体内受到调控,以及这种新的调控机制如何影响多细胞。
系统。为了更好地满足这一需求,我们还开发了一些创新的智能工具,使我们能够更好地量化。
AP2蛋白的活性处于多个水平,他们已经采用了深层次的基因筛查技术来进一步识别三种保守的蛋白质。
这些家庭似乎无法控制AP2的构象和活动。我们的主要目标是阐明这些变构是如何起作用的。
监管机构认为,内吞细胞的机制可能是机械性的。为了实现这一目标,我们将不会验证我们的假设。
适配器N-耳朵结合衣壳相关蛋白基因(NECAP)S可以中和AP2的非活性结构(开放)构象。
为了确保适配器复合体的正常循环利用,我们已经发现,AP2在一种活跃的细胞中积累。
国家在NECAP和突变体中规定,NECAP可以专门结合开放的、磷酸化的和磷酸化的AP2的形式。使用冷冻
EM:我们可能已经确定,与NECAP结合的那些被磷酸化的AP2核心蛋白在构象上是不活跃的。
是否会在体内验证这一产品结构,以及它是否反映了NECAP技术活动的最终产品结构。
人们认为,磷脂、胞浆和货物结构域的膜是通过与AP2相关的蛋白来调节和磷酸化的。
激酶AAK1激活AP2。我们的初步研究数据表明,在细胞膜上存在一个非常保守的区域--
相关的Fer/Cip4同源结构域(FCHo)蛋白被认为是促进细胞内吞作用所必需的。
将AP2转换为更活跃的智能复合体。我们已将这一在功能上非常重要的智能领域命名为AAP2激活者。
或者是APA。在AIM 2中,我们将不会使用冷冻-EM技术来确定APA将AP2绑定到哪里,并测试是否需要APA。
足够的资金可以引发AP2的结构性重组,以及定义膜、货物、运输和运输的主要角色。
磷酸化在这一过程中起着重要的作用。我们将继续评估AP2的磷酸化在生理上的意义。
描述蛋白激酶突变体的特征。在我们的新目标3中,我们将进一步研究贩运的膜是如何影响组织的。
生理学方面,我们正在使用我们的一套检测方法来研究一种新的突变基因,这种突变基因在一个组织中形成了倒置蛋白/肾单位的模式--
一种被称为MLT-4的蛋白质,它的表观复制导致AP2活性的损失。这是这项研究的主要长期影响因素。
将无法进一步澄清基本的蜂窝移动机械是如何在后生动物中以时空和精确的方式被控制的。
在那里,不当的监管可能会导致一些重要的传染病。
英文摘要
Abstract Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is the main port of entry into our cells for medically relevant
substances including cholesterol-laden particles and viruses such as influenza and hepatitis. By engulfing
signaling receptors, this fundamental cellular process also tunes our sensitivity to the potentially pathological
actions of growth factors and neuromodulators. As such, understanding how the underlying endocytic
machinery is regulated promises to reveal novel mechanisms that could be harnessed to control neoplastic,
neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and viral diseases. At the heart of the endocytic process lies the AP2
clathrin adaptor complex which appears to undergo a conformational change during vesicle formation to
actively couple membrane and cargo to the clathrin coat. Despite the central role of AP2, we lack critical
details about how this molecular machine is regulated in vivo and how this regulation influences multicellular
systems. To address this need, we have developed innovative tools in C. elegans that allow us to quantify
AP2 activity at multiple levels and have employed deep genetic screens to identify three conserved protein
families that appear to govern AP2 conformation and activity. Our goal is to illuminate how these allosteric
regulators of the endocytic machinery function mechanistically. In Aim 1 we will validate our hypothesis that
adaptiN-Ear-Binding Coat-Associated Proteins (NECAP)s counteract the active (open) conformation of AP2
to ensure proper recycling of adaptor complexes. We have discovered that AP2 accumulates in an active
state in NECAP mutants, and that NECAPs specifically bind open, phosphorylated forms of AP2. Using cryo-
EM we have determined that the phosphorylated AP2 core bound to NECAP is conformationally inactive. We
will validate this structure in vivo and whether it reflects the end product of NECAP activity. Previously it was
thought that membrane phospholipids, cytosolic cargo domains, and phosphorylation by the AP2-associated
kinase (AAK1) activate AP2. Our preliminary data indicate that a conserved region of the membrane-
associated Fer/Cip4 Homology Domain-only (FCHo) proteins is required to promote endocytosis by
converting AP2 to an active complex. We have named this functionally important domain the AP2 Activator,
or APA. In Aim 2 we will determine where the APA binds AP2 using cryo-EM and test whether the APA is
sufficient to induce a structural rearrangement of AP2, as well as defining the roles of membrane, cargo, and
phosphorylation in that process. We will evaluate the physiological significance of AP2 phosphorylation by
characterizing kinase mutants. In our new Aim 3 we will examine how membrane trafficking influences tissue
physiology using our suite of assays to study a novel mutant in a tissue patterning inversin/nephronophthisis-
2 protein called MLT-4 that phenocopies loss of AP2 activity. The long-term impact of the proposed research
will be to clarify how fundamental cellular machinery is controlled with spatiotemporal precision in metazoans,
where misregulation leads to important diseases.
期刊论文(1)
专著(0)
科研奖励(0)
会议论文
Molecular regulation of the AP2 clathrin adaptor complex
-
批准号:10393918
-
项目类别:
-
资助金额:$0.89万
-
财政年份:2019
-
负责人:Gunther Hollopeter
-
依托单位:
Molecular regulation of the AP2 clathrin adaptor complex
-
批准号:10369000
-
项目类别:
-
资助金额:$36.22万
-
财政年份:2019
-
负责人:Gunther Hollopeter
-
依托单位:
Molecular regulation of the AP2 clathrin adaptor complex
-
批准号:9900825
-
项目类别:
-
资助金额:$36.53万
-
财政年份:2019
-
负责人:Gunther Hollopeter
-
依托单位:
Molecular regulation of the AP2 clathrin adaptor complex
-
批准号:10582196
-
项目类别:
-
资助金额:$24.99万
-
财政年份:2019
-
负责人:Gunther Hollopeter
-
依托单位: