Adaptations to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Pre-Pandemic Continuity and Changes in Emotional Well-Being

对 COVID-19 大流行的适应：大流行前的连续性和情绪健康的变化

• 批准号: 10653355
• 负责人: Monica A. Longmore
• 金额: $ 42.6万
• 依托单位: BOWLING GREEN STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-06-01 至 2026-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10653355
• 关键词: Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Advocate; Affect; Age; Alcohol consumption; American; Anxiety; Behavioral; Black race; COVID-19 pandemic; Child Health; Child Rearing; Color; Communities; Conflict (Psychology); Data; Demographic Factors; Disadvantaged; Discrimination; Disparity population; Distress; Economics; Education; Elderly; Emotional; Environment; Ethnic Origin; Event; Face; Future; Gender; Health; Height; Heterogeneity; Hospitalization; Individual; Inequality; Inequity; Institutional Racism; Intervention; Interview; Knowledge; Life; Life Cycle Stages; Location; Measures; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Methods; Modeling; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Neighborhoods; Occupations; Outcome; Parenthood Status; Parents; Personal Satisfaction; Persons; Phase; Police officer; Policy Maker; Population Study; Prevalence; Process; Productivity; Public Health; Race; Recommendation; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Shapes; Social Change; Social Distance; Stress; Students; Surveys; Teenagers; Telephone; Time; United States; Variant; Well in self; Woman; Work; adverse outcome; cohort; decrease resilience; design; ethnic diversity; expectation; experience; health disparity; improved; innovation; insight; longitudinal design; member; men; mortality; multidisciplinary; negative affect; pandemic disease; pandemic impact; population based; post-pandemic; pre-pandemic; prospective; racial diversity; racism; resilience; response; social group; social structure; stressor

ABSTRACT COVID-19 pandemic-related stressors have altered Americans’ daily lives, but variation in the effects on emotional well-being cannot be determined from existing studies because most studies either have used cross- sectional designs or are based on longitudinal designs that are limited to short duration follow-ups post-height of the pandemic. Pandemic-related external stressors, such as economic hardships, job demands, social distancing, and health concerns can threaten well-being, but prospective pre-pandemic measures are critical to establishing heterogeneity in trajectories of emotional well-being. This study will longitudinally assess heterogeneity in trajectories of emotional well-being among adults in the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study (TARS) - a prospective population-based study that interviewed racially/ethnically diverse adults from adolescence into adulthood over a twenty-year span. The data include six pre-pandemic interviews, one pandemic interview, and are currently in the field for a post-height of the pandemic interview (Summer 2022). Using the life course perspective and the stress process model to frame expectations, we will assess the extent to which pandemic-related stressors and prospective pre-pandemic strengths and vulnerabilities shaped emotional well-being during the pandemic and may carry over to affect emotional well-being post-pandemic. Findings will be significant by addressing how pandemic-related stressors have affected individuals’ emotional well-being and will provide insights regarding which individuals in which contexts are most at risk for poorer well- being and adverse outcomes. Understanding variation in responses to the pandemic has implications for developing potential mental health interventions for this and future public health crises. The working hypothesis is that pandemic-related stressors negatively affect emotional well-being; yet there is heterogeneity in responses to these challenges, and some adults will demonstrate resilience. Some potential trajectory groups may include (aim 1): no changes in emotional well-being over time (stable), low effects over time (stable), moderate effects increasing during the pandemic (unstable), and high effects over time (stable). Prospective data, spanning two decades, are innovative and necessary for establishing distinct groups and estimating who face greater risk of being in a higher distress group. Using fixed-effects and trajectory modeling, we will assess how effects differ by demographic factors (e.g., gender, parenthood status) and pandemic-stressors (aim 2). We will conduct in-depth phone interviews with racially/ethnically diverse adults whom we previously interviewed during the pandemic; the rationale is to identify subjective understandings of factors associated with declines and resilience in well- being (aim 2). The extent to which individuals adapt depends on the degree to which they face severe pandemic- related stressors, but also the broader context of their lives and prior strengths and vulnerabilities. The BGSU research environment will be enhanced by enriching the experiences of students in all phases of this project. The project provides a unique and timed opportunity to examine how the pandemic has reshaped lives.

抽象的 与 COVID-19 大流行相关的压力源改变了美国人的日常生活，但其影响各不相同 情绪健康无法从现有研究中确定，因为大多数研究都使用了交叉研究 分段设计或基于纵向设计，仅限于高度后的短期后续行动 大流行。与流行病相关的外部压力源，例如经济困难、工作要求、社会压力 距离和健康问题可能会威胁到福祉，但前瞻性的大流行前措施对于 建立情绪健康轨迹的异质性。本研究将纵向评估 托莱多青少年关系研究中成年人情绪健康轨迹的异质性 (TARS) - 一项基于人群的前瞻性研究，采访了来自不同种族/民族的成年人 从青春期到成年，历时二十年。这些数据包括六次大流行前的采访，其中一次 大流行采访，目前正在现场进行大流行后期采访（2022 年夏季）。 使用生命历程视角和压力过程模型来构建期望，我们将评估程度 与大流行相关的压力源以及大流行前的预期优势和脆弱性形成了 大流行期间的情绪健康可能会持续影响大流行后的情绪健康。 通过解决与流行病相关的压力源如何影响个人的情绪，研究结果将具有重要意义 福祉并将提供有关哪些个人在何种情况下最容易遭受福祉较差的风险的见解 存在和不良后果。了解对大流行病反应的变化具有重要意义 针对当前和未来的公共卫生危机制定潜在的心理健康干预措施。工作假设 与大流行相关的压力源会对情绪健康产生负面影响；但反应存在异质性 面对这些挑战，一些成年人会表现出韧性。一些潜在的轨迹组可能包括 （目标 1）：随着时间的推移，情绪健康没有变化（稳定），随着时间的推移影响较低（稳定），影响中等 在大流行期间增加（不稳定），并且随着时间的推移影响很大（稳定）。前瞻性数据，跨越两个 几十年来，对于建立不同的群体和估计谁面临更大的风险来说是创新和必要的 处于较高的痛苦群体中。使用固定效应和轨迹模型，我们将评估效果如何不同 人口因素（例如性别、生育状况）和流行病压力源（目标 2）。我们将深入开展 对我们之前在大流行期间采访过的不同种族/民族的成年人进行电话采访； 其基本原理是确定对与健康下降和复原力相关的因素的主观理解。 存在（目标 2）。个人适应的程度取决于他们面临严重流行病的程度—— 相关的压力源，还包括他们生活的更广泛背景以及先前的优势和弱点。 BGSU 通过丰富学生在该项目各个阶段的经验，研究环境将得到改善。 该项目提供了一个独特且及时的机会来研究这一流行病如何重塑生活。