Cultural Stress, Stress Response, and Substance Use among Hispanic Adolescents

西班牙裔青少年的文化压力、压力反应和药物使用

• 批准号: 10656423
• 负责人: SETH J. SCHWARTZ
• 金额: $ 65.85万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2026-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10656423
• 关键词: Acceleration; Adolescent; Adrenal Glands; Age; Alcohols; Behavioral; Biological; Biological Assay; Buffers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chronic; Chronic stress; Climate; Communities; County; Crime; Data Collection; Destinations; Development; Discrimination; Documentation; Drug usage; Economics; Ethnic Origin; Exposure to; Family; Family member; Feeling; Friends; Future; Geographic Locations; Health; Hispanic; Hispanic Populations; Hostility; Hydrocortisone; Hypothalamic structure; Immigration; Individual; Intervention; Life; Link; Longitudinal Studies; Longitudinal cohort study; Los Angeles; Low income; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Mediation; Mental Depression; Mood Disorders; Obesity; Outcome; Parents; Pathway interactions; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Persons; Physiological; Pituitary Gland; Population; Poverty; Prevention; Prevention program; Problem behavior; Reduce health disparities; Research Design; Resources; Risk Behaviors; Salivary; Science; Site; Socialization; Source; Stress; Technology; Testing; Time; Violence; Vulnerable Populations; Work; Youth; adaptive intervention; biological adaptation to stress; cohort; conduct problem; design; disparity reduction; ethnic minority population; evidence base; experience; food insecurity; health disparity; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; innovation; longitudinal design; ninth grade; physical conditioning; poor health outcome; preservation; preventive intervention; psychosocial; recruit; response; saliva sample; sample collection; seventh grade; skills; social; stressor; substance use; theories

The proposed study will examine the extent to which, among Hispanic youth, the effects of culturally related stressors on alcohol/drug use and conduct problems are mediated by physiological stress responses. Prior work has established the psychosocial and biological pathways through which physiological stress responses potentiate alcohol/drug use and conduct problems. What is not known is the extent to which cultural stressors, over and above other sources of stress, predict physiological stress responses, and whether cultural stressors exert an indirect effect on alcohol/drug use and conduct problems through physiological stress responses. This question is important for prevention science because few interventions have been developed to offset the effects of cultural stressors, and our results will provide essential information regarding whether such interventions are needed – as well as the protective mechanisms on which such interventions should focus. We propose a 3-year accelerated longitudinal cohort study with two cohorts, one beginning in the seventh grade and one beginning in the ninth grade, to carry out the study aims and to test the study hypotheses. An accelerated longitudinal design includes multiple age cohorts, where each cohort starts at a different age and each is followed for the same amount of time. Such a design allows us to examine five years of development through only three years of data collection. We will recruit and follow 300 Hispanic 7th and 9th graders in Los Angeles and Miami-Dade counties. Adolescents will be followed for 3 years and assessed at both macro (longer measures administered every 6 months) and micro (daily measurement bursts using shorter measures and saliva sample collection for cortisol assays). We will examine the moderating effects of three evidence- based protective mechanisms – family functioning, life skills, cultural assets, and ethnic socialization – on the direct and mediated effects of cultural stress on physiological stress responses and on alcohol/drug use and conduct problems. These moderation and moderated mediation analyses will indicate the specific mechanisms that should be targeted within prevention programs. This information is critical to decreasing disparities in conduct problems and alcohol/drug use among Hispanic adolescents.

拟议的研究将研究西班牙裔青年中与文化相关的影响的程度 对酒精/药物使用和导致问题的压力源是由身体压力反应介导的。事先的 工作已经建立了心理和生物学途径，通过这种途径 潜在的酒精/吸毒和引起问题。尚不清楚的是文化压力源的程度， 超过其他压力来源，预测身体压力反应以及文化压力源是否是否 对酒精/吸毒的间接影响，并通过身体压力反应引起问题。这 问题对于预防科学很重要，因为很少开发干预措施来抵消 文化压力源的影响，我们的结果将提供有关是否这样的基本信息 需要干预措施 - 以及这种干预措施应集中的受保护机制。 我们提出了一项为期3年的加速纵向队列研究，其中有两个队列，一个从第七次开始 从九年级开始的年级，一个从九年级开始，以进行研究的目的并检验研究假设。一个 加速的纵向设计包括多个年龄群，每个队列在不同的年龄开始，并且 每个时间都遵循相同的时间。这样的设计使我们能够检查五年的发展 只需三年的数据收集。我们将在洛斯招募并关注300名西班牙裔7年级和9年级学生 安吉利斯和迈阿密戴德县。青少年将遵循3年，并在两个宏观上进行评估 （每6个月进行一次更长的测量）和微观（使用较短测量的每日测量爆发 和用于皮质醇测定的唾液样品收集）。我们将研究三个证据的调节作用 - 基于受保护的机制 - 家庭功能，生活技能，文化资产和种族社会化 - 文化压力对身体压力反应以及酒精/药物使用的直接和中介作用 进行问题。这些适度和调节的调解分析将指示特定机制 这应该是预防计划中的目标。此信息对于减少分布至关重要 在西班牙裔青少年中进行问题和饮酒。