Cultural Stress, Stress Response, and Substance Use among Hispanic Adolescents

西班牙裔青少年的文化压力、压力反应和药物使用

• 批准号: 10656423
• 负责人: SETH J. SCHWARTZ
• 金额: $ 65.85万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2026-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10656423
• 关键词: Acceleration; Adolescent; Adrenal Glands; Age; Alcohols; Behavioral; Biological; Biological Assay; Buffers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chronic; Chronic stress; Climate; Communities; County; Crime; Data Collection; Destinations; Development; Discrimination; Documentation; Drug usage; Economics; Ethnic Origin; Exposure to; Family; Family member; Feeling; Friends; Future; Geographic Locations; Health; Hispanic; Hispanic Populations; Hostility; Hydrocortisone; Hypothalamic structure; Immigration; Individual; Intervention; Life; Link; Longitudinal Studies; Longitudinal cohort study; Los Angeles; Low income; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Mediation; Mental Depression; Mood Disorders; Obesity; Outcome; Parents; Pathway interactions; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Persons; Physiological; Pituitary Gland; Population; Poverty; Prevention; Prevention program; Problem behavior; Reduce health disparities; Research Design; Resources; Risk Behaviors; Salivary; Science; Site; Socialization; Source; Stress; Technology; Testing; Time; Violence; Vulnerable Populations; Work; Youth; adaptive intervention; biological adaptation to stress; cohort; conduct problem; design; disparity reduction; ethnic minority population; evidence base; experience; food insecurity; health disparity; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; innovation; longitudinal design; ninth grade; physical conditioning; poor health outcome; preservation; preventive intervention; psychosocial; recruit; response; saliva sample; sample collection; seventh grade; skills; social; stressor; substance use; theories

The proposed study will examine the extent to which, among Hispanic youth, the effects of culturally related stressors on alcohol/drug use and conduct problems are mediated by physiological stress responses. Prior work has established the psychosocial and biological pathways through which physiological stress responses potentiate alcohol/drug use and conduct problems. What is not known is the extent to which cultural stressors, over and above other sources of stress, predict physiological stress responses, and whether cultural stressors exert an indirect effect on alcohol/drug use and conduct problems through physiological stress responses. This question is important for prevention science because few interventions have been developed to offset the effects of cultural stressors, and our results will provide essential information regarding whether such interventions are needed – as well as the protective mechanisms on which such interventions should focus. We propose a 3-year accelerated longitudinal cohort study with two cohorts, one beginning in the seventh grade and one beginning in the ninth grade, to carry out the study aims and to test the study hypotheses. An accelerated longitudinal design includes multiple age cohorts, where each cohort starts at a different age and each is followed for the same amount of time. Such a design allows us to examine five years of development through only three years of data collection. We will recruit and follow 300 Hispanic 7th and 9th graders in Los Angeles and Miami-Dade counties. Adolescents will be followed for 3 years and assessed at both macro (longer measures administered every 6 months) and micro (daily measurement bursts using shorter measures and saliva sample collection for cortisol assays). We will examine the moderating effects of three evidence- based protective mechanisms – family functioning, life skills, cultural assets, and ethnic socialization – on the direct and mediated effects of cultural stress on physiological stress responses and on alcohol/drug use and conduct problems. These moderation and moderated mediation analyses will indicate the specific mechanisms that should be targeted within prevention programs. This information is critical to decreasing disparities in conduct problems and alcohol/drug use among Hispanic adolescents.

拟议的研究将考察文化相关的文化对西班牙裔青年的影响程度 酒精/药物使用和行为问题的压力源是由生理压力反应介导的。事先的 工作已经建立了心理社会和生物途径，通过这些途径生理应激反应 加剧酗酒/吸毒和品行问题。目前尚不清楚的是文化压力源在多大程度上 超越其他压力来源，预测生理压力反应，以及文化压力源是否 对酒精/药物的使用产生间接影响，并通过生理应激反应产生问题。这 这个问题对于预防科学很重要，因为几乎没有开发出干预措施来抵消 文化压力因素的影响，我们的结果将提供关于是否存在这种影响的重要信息 需要采取干预措施，以及此类干预措施应重点关注的保护机制。 我们建议进行一项为期 3 年的加速纵向队列研究，分为两个队列，一个从第七个队列开始 从九年级开始，实施研究目标并检验研究假设。一个 加速纵向设计包括多个年龄组，每个组从不同的年龄开始， 每个都遵循相同的时间。这样的设计让我们可以审视五年的发展 仅通过三年的数据收集。我们将在洛杉矶招募并跟踪 300 名西班牙裔七年级和九年级学生 安吉利斯县和迈阿密戴德县。青少年将被跟踪 3 年并进行宏观评估 （每 6 个月进行一次较长的测量）和微观（使用较短的测量进行每日测量突发） 和唾液样本采集用于皮质醇测定）。我们将研究三个证据的调节作用—— 基于家庭功能、生活技能、文化资产和种族社会化的保护机制 文化压力对生理应激反应和酒精/药物使用的直接和中介影响 行为问题。这些调节和调节中介分析将表明具体机制 这应该成为预防计划的目标。这些信息对于减少差异至关重要 西班牙裔青少年的行为问题和酗酒/吸毒。