Function of biphasic sleep in infants

项目摘要 睡眠对婴儿的身体和认知发育至关重要，但了解睡眠时间和时机是一个重要的问题。 给父母和家庭带来压力。因此，更好地了解婴儿何时睡觉，特别是 从两次午睡过渡到一次午睡，将支持婴儿认知能力的发展，并有助于指导家庭。 这项研究的目的是纵向研究多次睡眠在记忆中的作用 婴儿期三相睡眠向双相睡眠过渡的巩固。最重要的假设是， 在这些过渡期内保持其有用性，但多个nap对 当婴儿自然过渡到每天小睡一次时，记忆的保存。更具体地说，据预测， 随着孩子在这个年龄段的发展，记忆可以保持更长的时间而不受干扰， 上午小睡对记忆力的重要性降低，而下午小睡仍然是必要的。参与者将是100名婴儿， 他们将每三个月（9、12和15个月）完成两次会议，一次是睡眠会议，一次是清醒会议。一 延迟模仿任务将用于评估记忆巩固中与午睡相关的变化。活动记录仪将 用于客观评估午睡习惯。多导睡眠图将用于了解生理 它也将为大脑发育提供一个代理。统称 工作将（1）评估记忆巩固在上午和下午午睡间隔在三相， 婴儿的双相睡眠过渡;（2）检查支持陈述性记忆巩固的机制， 婴儿期;（3）建立午睡中关键睡眠生理学特征的发展轨迹。 发育年龄范围一个探索性的目标是研究大脑发育的变化是否 预测三相睡眠到双相睡眠的过渡。研究结果具有一定的理论意义。这些结果将 对睡眠研究领域具有重要意义，为睡眠调节的发展提供重要见解 睡眠模式的纵向变化。此外，结果将为发展提供信息， 科学家们认为，研究的时机将有助于表现。结果也有 翻译意义更好地了解午睡过渡将为儿科医生和家长提供信息，因为他们 对婴儿睡眠提出建议和决定，并允许识别有异常睡眠的婴儿。 睡眠发展轨迹

PROJECT SUMMARY Sleep is critical for infant physical and cognitive development and yet understanding sleep time and timing is a source of stress to parents and families. Thus a better understanding of when infants sleep, specifically the transition from two to one naps, will support infant cognitive development and contribute to guidance for families. The objective of the proposed research is to examine, longitudinally, the role of multiple sleep bouts in memory consolidation across the triphasic to biphasic sleep transition in infancy. The overarching hypothesis is that naps maintain their usefulness across these transitions, but that multiple naps become less essential to the preservation of memories as infants naturally transition to one nap per day. More specifically, it is predicted that memories can be held longer without interference as the child develops across this age range, making the morning nap less essential to memory while the afternoon nap remains essential. Participants will be 100 infants, who will complete 2 sessions, a sleep and a wake session, every three months (9, 12, and, 15 months). A deferred imitation task will be used to assess nap-related changes in memory consolidation. Actigraphy will be used to objectively assess nap habituality. Polysomnography will be used to understand the physiological mechanism underlying memory benefits and it will also provide a proxy for brain development. Collectively, the work will (1) assess memory consolidation over morning and afternoon nap intervals across the triphasic to biphasic sleep transition in infants; (2) examine the mechanism supporting declarative memory consolidation in infancy; and (3) establish the developmental trajectory of key sleep physiology features within naps across this developmental age range. An exploratory aim will examine whether changes in estimated brain development predict the triphasic to biphasic sleep transition. The outcomes have theoretical significance. These results will be significant for the field of sleep research, providing critical insight into development of sleep regulation processes and longitudinal changes in sleep patterns. Additionally, results will be informative to developmental scientists, suggesting that the timing of studies will contribute to performance. The outcomes also have translational significance. A better understanding of nap transitions will inform pediatricians and parents as they make recommendations and decisions about infant sleep and allow for identification of infants with abnormal sleep development trajectories.