Exposure Assessment for Toxicologically Important Chemicals - Welding Fume

具有重要毒理学意义的化学品的暴露评估 - 焊接烟雾

基本信息

项目摘要

The purpose of these studies is to identify possible candidate industries, labor unions and workplaces with occupational exposures to welding fumes (WF) with special emphasis on manganese (MN) and recruit their participation in an exposure assessment study. NIOSH has identified a specific need for assessing the neuropsychiatric effects of WF, as concern was noted for the potential of manganese (Mn) in welding fume to cause neurotoxicity in exposed workers. This study will measure workplace exposures of welders, especially those exposed to appreciable levels of Mn, often associated with mild-steel and stainless steel welding operations. Manganese in WF complexes with many other metal elements, chiefly iron, oxides, and fluoride and may exist in several valence states. A literature review and initial field surveys are ongoing to assemble the information necessary to more thoroughly develop the study design and exposure monitoring strategy. Selection of sites will depend on the: industrial sector; welding process(es); production rates; number of welders and other workers exposed; previous exposure records; anticipated exposure levels (preferably with a range of exposures); and work place conditions. NIOSH established a contract for assistance recruiting study sites and industrial hygiene field data collection. Background information for selection of possible candidate companies is being evaluated and suitable companies will be recruited to participate in the study. Selection will depend on the: industrial sector; welding process(es); production rates; number of welders and other workers exposed; previous exposure records; anticipated exposure levels (preferably with a range of exposures); and work place conditions. Six companies agreed to partner with NIOSH. Literature was reviewed relevant to formulate the rationale and design of industrial hygiene monitoring strategies and supporting analytical method development. Current methods do not distinguish between the specific Mn compounds within WF which have different valence states and solubility, factors which could affect bioavailability and resultant health effects. Analytical chemistry exploratory research was initiated in the laboratory to investigate the viability of several alternative analytical approaches. A sequential extraction procedure was evaluated for it's ability to differentiate different valence states and solubilities using different Mn compounds. X-ray defraction (XRD) analysis was also performed which was able to distinguish between different valence states. Welding fume field samples were analyzed using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (S/TEM). Bright field and Z-contrast imaging were determined to be crucial in obtaining the most information possible. Furthermore, elemental information was obtaining using energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDXA) along with x-ray mapping. These combined techniques show promise for characterizing the welding fumes in regards to Mn speciation; thus air sampling surveys were conducted applying these methods. An important objective of this project will be to determine if these analytical techniques can be applied to samples collected in workers' breathing zones where contaminant mass loading may be low. A NIOSH e-news internet site solicited partnerships with the private sector to allow NIOSH access to their sites where welding activities occur to evaluate exposures to welding fume with emphasis on Mn. Several companies showed interest. Contact was initiated and site visits were conducted at 5 facilities in September 09 and FY10. The purpose of these walk through surveys was to collect supporting information, introduce the project to plant and union representatives, and collect a series of ¿screening¿ samples to aid in the analytical method development. Furthermore, research on particle size distributions was conducted. To date, a total of 4 sampling surveys have been conducted and over 90 full-shift worker days of exposure have been collected. Six additional monitoring surveys are scheduled.
这些研究的目的是确定可能的候选行业,工会和工作场所的职业暴露于焊接烟雾(WF),特别强调锰(MN),并招募他们参与暴露评估研究。NIOSH已经确定了评估WF对神经精神影响的特殊需求,因为人们注意到焊接烟雾中锰(Mn)可能对接触的工人造成神经毒性。本研究将测量焊工的工作场所暴露,特别是那些暴露于相当水平的锰,通常与低碳钢和不锈钢焊接操作有关。WF中的锰与许多其他金属元素,主要是铁、氧化物和氟化物配合,并可能以几种价态存在。目前正在进行文献综述和初步实地调查,以收集必要的信息,以便更彻底地制定研究设计和暴露监测策略。选址将视乎:工业部门;焊接过程(es);生产速度;受接触的焊工和其他工人人数;既往暴露记录;预期暴露水平(最好是暴露范围);还有工作环境。NIOSH签订了一份协助招募研究地点和工业卫生现场数据收集的合同。正在评估选择可能的候选公司的背景资料,并将招募合适的公司参与研究。选择将取决于:工业部门;焊接过程(es);生产速度;受接触的焊工和其他工人人数;既往暴露记录;预期暴露水平(最好是暴露范围);还有工作环境。六家公司同意与NIOSH合作。回顾了相关文献,以制定工业卫生监测策略的基本原理和设计,并支持分析方法的开发。目前的方法不能区分WF中具有不同价态和溶解度的特定Mn化合物,以及可能影响生物利用度和由此产生的健康影响的因素。分析化学探索性研究是在实验室开始的,以调查几种替代分析方法的可行性。顺序提取程序评估了它的能力,以区分不同的价态和溶解度使用不同的锰化合物。x射线衍射(XRD)分析可以区分不同的价态。采用扫描电镜和透射电镜(S/TEM)对焊接烟尘场样品进行了分析。确定明亮场和z -对比度成像对于获得尽可能多的信息至关重要。此外,利用能量色散x射线分析(EDXA)和x射线作图获得元素信息。这些组合技术显示了表征焊接烟雾在Mn形态方面的希望;因此,应用这些方法进行了空气抽样调查。该项目的一个重要目标是确定这些分析技术是否可以应用于在污染物质量负荷可能较低的工人呼吸区收集的样品。一个NIOSH新闻网站请求与私营部门合作,允许NIOSH进入他们的焊接活动场所,以评估焊接烟雾的暴露,重点是锰。几家公司表现出了兴趣。在2009年9月和2010财年,我们开始了联系,并对5家工厂进行了实地考察。这些走访调查的目的是收集辅助信息,向工厂和工会代表介绍项目,并收集一系列“筛选”样本,以帮助分析方法的开发。此外,还对粒径分布进行了研究。迄今为止,共进行了4次抽样调查,收集了90多个全天轮班工人的接触情况。计划再进行六次监测调查。

项目成果

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其他文献

2022 Academy Member Benefits Update
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.jand.2023.02.007
  • 发表时间:
    2023-04-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
  • 通讯作者:
Toward Social Hospital -snapshot of medical information technologies
走向社会医院——医疗信息技术快照
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2014
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    鈴木 真生; ;若尾 あすか;松村 耕平;野間 春生;Tomohiro Kuroda
  • 通讯作者:
    Tomohiro Kuroda
Structure and Magnetic Property of Spinel Ferrite Nanosheets Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method
水热法合成尖晶石铁氧体纳米片的结构与磁性能
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2015
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Yuki Kamei ; Yuki Makinose ; Ken-ichi Katsumata ; ; NOBUHIRO MATSUSHITA
  • 通讯作者:
    NOBUHIRO MATSUSHITA
健康維持のための行動変容を働きかけるソーシャルシステムの開発
开发鼓励行为改变以保持健康的社会系统
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2014
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    鈴木 真生; ;若尾 あすか;松村 耕平;野間 春生
  • 通讯作者:
    野間 春生
微細加工による医療・創薬のためのバイオデバイス開発
通过微加工开发用于医疗和药物发现的生物设备
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2017
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Yuki Kamei ; Yuki Makinose ; Ken-ichi Katsumata ; ; NOBUHIRO MATSUSHITA;H. Ago;一木隆範
  • 通讯作者:
    一木隆範

的其他文献

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{{ truncateString(' ', 18)}}的其他基金

Preclinical Services for Antibacterial Resistance Biopharmaceutical Product Development
抗菌药物耐药性生物制药产品开发的临床前服务
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  • 财政年份:
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FRAMINGHAM HEART STUDY - TASK AREA C - GENETIC RESULTS REPORTING
弗雷明汉心脏研究 - 任务领域 C - 基因结果报告
  • 批准号:
    10974185
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    $ 4.58万
  • 项目类别:
FRAMINGHAM HEART STUDY - YEAR 5 EXAM
弗雷明汉心脏研究 - 五年级考试
  • 批准号:
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  • 财政年份:
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  • 资助金额:
    $ 4.58万
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Virtual Kick off Meeting with NCI for MAS Analysis Pool
与 NCI 举行 MAS 分析池虚拟启动会议
  • 批准号:
    10974493
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    $ 4.58万
  • 项目类别:
CORONARY ARTERY RISK DEVELOPMENT IN YOUNG ADULTS (CARDIA) STUDY - UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA FIELD CENTER.
年轻人冠状动脉风险发展 (CARDIA) 研究 - 明尼苏达大学实地中心。
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CORONARY ARTERY RISK DEVELOPMENT IN YOUNG ADULTS (CARDIA) STUDY - COORDINATING CENTER (CC)
年轻人冠状动脉风险发展 (CARDIA) 研究 - 协调中心 (CC)
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    10901063
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    2023
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    $ 4.58万
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Development of Therapeutics for DENGUE VIRUS
登革热病毒治疗方法的开发
  • 批准号:
    10938081
  • 财政年份:
    2023
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