Demography of Sex Differences in Health and Survival

健康和生存方面性别差异的人口统计学

• 批准号: 9345986
• 负责人: James W. Vaupel
• 金额: $ 93.91万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-30 至 2021-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9345986
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Age; Animal Model; Animals; Behavioral Mechanisms; Biological; Birds; Categories; Cause of Death; Cessation of life; China; Computer software; Country; Data; Data Analyses; Data Set; Demographic Analyses; Demography; Denmark; Dimensions; Female; Funding; Health; Health Professional; Heart; Human; Industrialization; Injury; Joints; Kenya; Knowledge; Life Expectancy; Light; Link; Mammals; Measures; Mediating; Modernization; Morbidity - disease rate; Papio; Pattern; Physiological; Population; Postdoctoral Fellow; Primates; Recovery; Reporting; Research; Research Project Grants; Research Support; Risk-Taking; Russia; Sex Characteristics; Skeleton; Social status; Societies; Statistical Data Interpretation; Stress; Surveys; Testing; Time; Utah; Variant; Woman; Women' s Health; Work; crosslink; data registry; disability; experience; falls; health difference; high risk; human data; human male; improved; insight; male; male health; member; men; mortality; programs; public health relevance; response; social; working group

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Demography of Sex Differences in Health and Survival. Is it true that males are healthier than females but die younger? If so, why? We plan demographic analyses to address these two overarching questions concerning the health-survival paradox. First, to what extent is the paradox true? How general is it? According to which definitions and measures and along which dimensions are men healthier than women? How do male-female morbidity and mortality differences vary with age? How do they vary over place? How have they varied over time? How do they vary across species of primates, other mammals and birds? Second, to the extent that the paradox is true, why is this the case? Various social and biological hypotheses will be tested by analyzing: Human and nonhuman lifetables for males vs. females (Project 1); Data on causes of death for human males vs. females (Projects 1 and 2); Age at death of about 15,000 skeletons of adult males and females from the Mesolithic to about 1600 A.D. (Project 1) Survey and registry data on humans in Denmark, Utah, Russia and China (Project 2), and Detailed longitudinal observations of baboons in the wild in Kenya (Project 3). Strong cross-links between Projects, including shared postdocs, joint Working Groups, and coordinated Specific Aims, will facilitate new interdisciplinary insights. The combination of (1) high-quality human data from Denmark, Utah, Russia and China together with lifetable data on many other populations, (2) an informative animal model (baboons) supplemented with extensive nonhuman lifetable data and (3) sophisticated demographic and statistical analyses will provide a deeper understanding of the basis in adults for sex differences in health and survival and of opportunities to reduce these differences.

 描述(申请人提供)：健康和生存方面的性别差异的人口统计学。男性比女性更健康，但死得更早，这是真的吗？如果是，原因何在？我们计划进行人口统计学分析，以解决这两个关于健康-生存悖论的主要问题。首先，这一悖论在多大程度上是正确的？它有多普遍？根据哪些定义和衡量标准以及在哪些方面男性比女性更健康？男女发病率和死亡率差异如何随年龄变化？它们在不同的地方有什么不同？随着时间的推移，它们是如何变化的？它们在灵长类动物、其他哺乳动物和鸟类中的差异如何？其次，如果这一悖论是真的，为什么会是这样？将通过以下分析检验各种社会和生物学假设：男性与女性的人类和非人类生命表(项目1)；人类男性与女性的死因数据(项目1和项目2)；从中石器时代到公元1600年左右约15,000具成年男性和女性骨骼的死亡年龄(项目1)(项目1)丹麦、犹他州、俄罗斯和中国关于人类的调查和登记数据(项目2)，以及肯尼亚野外狒狒的详细纵向观察(项目3)。项目之间的强大交叉联系，包括共享的博士后、联合工作组和协调一致的具体目标，将促进新的跨学科见解。(1)来自丹麦、犹他州、俄罗斯和中国的高质量人类数据与许多其他种群的可存活数据相结合，(2)信息丰富的动物模型(狒狒)辅以广泛的非人类可存活数据，(3)复杂的人口统计分析将提供更深入的理解，以了解成年人在健康和生存方面存在性别差异的基础，以及缩小这些差异的机会。