Demography of Sex Differences in Health and Survival

健康和生存方面性别差异的人口统计学

• 批准号: 8314017
• 负责人: James W. Vaupel
• 金额: $ 70.05万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-30 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8314017
• 关键词: Address; Age; American; Amphibia; Androgens; Animal Model; Antioxidants; Asians; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological; Birds; Birth; Ceratitis capitata; Cessation of life; Civilization; Country; Data; Demographic Analyses; Demography; Denmark; Dimensions; Drosophila genus; Elderly man; Elderly woman; Environment; Female; Fishes; France; Free Radicals; Health; Health Professional; Health Surveys; Health behavior; Healthcare; Human; Immunocompetence; Immunosuppression; Incidence; Japan; Kenya; Knowledge; Laboratories; Lead; Lemurs; Life; Life Cycle Stages; Life Expectancy; Light; Longevity; Madagascar; Mammals; Measures; Methods; Morbidity - disease rate; Morphologic artifacts; Mouse Lemur; Oxidative Stress; Papio; Pattern; Philippines; Population; Population Density; Prevalence; Primates; Probability; Production; Proteins; Reptiles; Research; Research Project Grants; Sex Characteristics; Singapore; Social support; Societies; Staging; Starvation; Structure; Surveys; Testing; Testosterone; Time; United States; Variant; Vertebrates; Virginity; Woman; Women' s Health; base; combat; comparative; dietary restriction; disability; experience; functional decline; high risk; human data; improved; male; male health; men; middle age; mortality; nonhuman primate; oxidative damage; phrases; programs; psychologic; rapid growth; reproductive success; social; willingness

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Is it true that males are healthier than females but die younger? If so, why? We plan demographic analyses to address these two overarching questions concerning the health-survival paradox. First, to what extent is the paradox true? How general is it? * According to which definitions and measures and along which dimensions are men healthier than women? * How do male-female morbidity and mortality differences vary with age? * How do they vary over place? * How have they varied over time? * How do they vary across species of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish? Second, to the extent that the paradox is true, why is this the case? Various social and biological hypotheses will be tested by analyzing: Human and nonhuman lifetables (Project 1); Survey and register data on humans in Denmark (Project 2); Survey data on humans in the United States (Project 3) and in Japan, the Philippines and Singapore (Project 4); Longitudinal observations on baboons in the wild in Kenya (Project 5); Longitudinal data on lemurs in the wild on Madagascar and in captivity at Duke and in France (Project 6); and Laboratory data on fruit flies (Project 7). The combination of informative animal models and high-quality human data and sophisticated demographic analyses will provide a deeper understanding of the basis for sex differences in health and survival and of opportunities to reduce these differences.

描述（由申请人提供）：男性比女性更健康，但死得更早，这是真的吗？如果是，为什么？我们计划进行人口统计分析，以解决这两个关于健康生存悖论的首要问题。 首先，这个悖论在多大程度上是正确的？有多普遍？ * 根据哪些定义和措施，以及沿着哪些维度，男性比男性更健康 女人吗？ * 男女发病率和死亡率的差异如何随年龄而变化？ * 它们在不同的地方有什么不同？ * 它们是如何随时间变化的？ * 它们在哺乳动物、鸟类、爬行动物、两栖动物和鱼类之间有何不同？ 第二，在悖论成立的程度上，为什么会这样？各种社会和生物学假设将通过分析测试： 人类和非人类生命表（项目1）; 调查和登记丹麦的人类数据（项目2）; 美国（项目3）和日本、菲律宾和新加坡（项目4）的人类调查数据; 对肯尼亚野生狒狒的纵向观察（项目5）; 马达加斯加岛野生狐猴以及杜克和法国圈养狐猴的纵向数据（项目6）; 关于果蝇的实验室数据（项目7）。 结合信息丰富的动物模型和高质量的人类数据， 人口分析将使人们更深入地了解健康和生存方面的性别差异的基础以及减少这些差异的机会。