Chaos in human phonation and its measurement

人类发声的混沌及其测量

• 批准号: 9264518
• 负责人: Jack J Jiang
• 金额: $ 31.29万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-06-01 至 2019-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9264518
• 关键词: Acoustics; Address; Affect; American; Basic Science; Benign; Characteristics; Chest; Clinical; Clinical Research; Complex; Computer Analysis; Computer Simulation; Computers; Dimensions; Disease; Dysphonia; Economics; Edema; Elements; Entropy; Environment; Esophageal; Evidence based treatment; Family; Freedom; Grant; Human; Human Characteristics; Impairment; Individual; Intervention; Larynx; Lead; Lesion; Life; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Nature; Nodule; Noise; Nonlinear Dynamics; Pathologic; Patients; Periodicity; Phonation; Physiological; Polyps; Production; Quality of life; Research; Sampling; Sensitivity and Specificity; Series; Signal Transduction; Social Impacts; Societies; Source; Speech Pathologist; Speed; System; Techniques; Time; Translational Research; Voice; Voice Disorders; Voice Quality; Work; clinical application; clinically relevant; economic impact; experimental study; high dimensionality; human subject; improved; public health relevance; social; sound; theories; vibration; vocal cord

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Voice disorders affect millions of Americans. The impact of voice disorders on quality of life is significant; the ability to work, relate to friendsand family, participate in social activities, and engage in everyday life becomes effortful, if not impossible, when one's voice is impaired. The complexity of voice production and aperiodic nature of voice disorders necessitate that quantitative acoustic analysis be nonlinear. Linear parameters such as jitter or shimmer rely on a linear signal and thus are invalid and inaccurate when applied to aperiodic dysphonia. Current nonlinear methods are only valid for aperiodic signals created primarily by vocal fold vibration (which is inherently of limited order), not signas with prominent turbulent airflow (high order). As turbulent airflow due to breathiness is a common feature of dysphonia, it is important to develop methods of acoustic analysis which are valid for signals with prominent breathy noise. We will apply high-order nonlinear dynamic theory to quantify these signals. We will also perform computer modeling, excised larynx, and human subject experiments to determine the mechanisms by which turbulence is produced. In Project 1, we will optimize high-order nonlinear dynamic parameters capable of analyzing voice signals with prominent turbulent airflow. Traditional descriptions of voice signals use a three class system, with type 1 being periodic, type 2 having subharmonics, and type 3 being aperiodic. It would be beneficial to subdivide type 3 signals into those created predominantly by vocal fold vibration and those created predominantly by turbulent airflow. Current acoustic analyses, whether linear or nonlinear, are not capable of analyzing signals created predominantly by turbulent airflow. High-order nonlinear parameters such as embedding efficiency, generalized dimension, and generalized entropy can quantify these signals. In Projects 2-3, we will perform experiments using computer and excised larynx models to elucidate the mechanisms underlying glottal turbulence. We will also determine the level of abnormality required (e.g., size of polyp or glottal gap) required to produce turbulent energy such that current nonlinear parameters are no longer accurate and high-order nonlinear analysis must be employed. In Projects 4-5, we will evaluate the high-order characteristics of human phonation. Utterance (vowels, fricatives) will be varied to evaluate effects of turbulence created in the vocal tract. We will also determine the effects of volume, phonation type (whisper, chest, falsetto), and recording environment. High-order nonlinear characteristics of disordered voice production will be measured in patients with benign mass lesions, edema, and glottic insufficiency as well as esophageal voice users. Lastly, we will determine the sensitivity, specificity, and reliability of high-order nonlinear parameters compared to linear or current nonlinear parameters. The five projects combine theoretical, basic science, translational, and clinical research to enhance understanding of disordered voice production and provide clinicians with a valid method of performing objective, quantitative acoustic analysis on high-dimensional voice signals.

描述（由申请人提供）：声音障碍影响着数百万美国人。语音障碍对生活质量的影响是显著的；当一个人的声音受损时，工作、与朋友和家人相处、参加社会活动以及参与日常生活的能力即使不是不可能，也会变得非常困难。声音产生的复杂性和声音紊乱的非周期性要求定量声学分析必须是非线性的。线性参数如抖动或闪烁依赖于线性信号，因此在应用于非周期语音障碍时是无效和不准确的。目前的非线性方法仅适用于主要由声带振动产生的非周期信号（固有的有限阶），而不适用于具有突出湍流气流的信号（高阶）。由于呼吸引起的湍流气流是发声障碍的共同特征，因此开发对呼吸噪声突出的信号有效的声学分析方法非常重要。我们将运用高阶非线性动力学理论来量化这些信号。我们还将进行计算机建模、喉切除和人体实验，以确定湍流产生的机制。在Project 1中，我们将优化能够分析具有突出湍流气流的语音信号的高阶非线性动态参数。语音信号的传统描述使用三类系统，其中类型1是周期性的，类型2具有次谐波，类型3是非周期性的。将第三类信号细分为主要由声带振动产生的信号和主要由湍流气流产生的信号是有益的。目前的声学分析，无论是线性的还是非线性的，都不能分析主要由湍流气流产生的信号。高阶非线性参数如嵌入效率、广义维数和广义熵可以量化这些信号。在项目2-3中，我们将使用计算机和切除喉模型进行实验，以阐明声门湍流的机制。我们还将确定产生湍流能量所需的异常水平（例如，息肉或声门间隙的大小），从而使当前的非线性参数不再准确，必须采用高阶非线性分析。在项目4-5中，我们将评估人类发声的高阶特征。发音（元音、摩擦音）将会变化，以评估声道中产生的湍流的影响。我们还将确定音量、发声类型（耳语、胸部、假声）和录音环境的影响。在良性肿块病变、水肿、声门功能不全以及食道发声使用者中测量无序发声的高阶非线性特征。最后，我们将确定与线性或当前非线性参数相比，高阶非线性参数的灵敏度、特异性和可靠性。这五个项目结合了理论、基础科学、转化和临床研究，以提高对无序语音产生的理解，并为临床医生提供对高维语音信号进行客观、定量声学分析的有效方法。