Effects of a parenting-after-divorce program 26 years later on physical health, mental health, and competence outcomes in adult offspring and their children

项目总结/摘要： 在美国，每年约有100万儿童经历父母离婚，据估计， 美国的孩子将经历家庭结构的这种转变。父母离婚带来的风险问题， 在整个生命周期中的多个功能域。有力的证据表明这个家庭 过渡会给儿童、青少年和成年带来许多问题的风险， 个人和社会成本，包括身体健康问题、心理健康问题、 物质使用、吸烟和危险的性活动。它还损害了能力，如学术 成绩、同伴能力和自尊。这一建议推进了NICHD的科学愿景， “了解具体的.行为和社会因素如何随着时间的推移相互作用，影响健康和疾病” 并确定最有可能促进积极成果的个人和家庭层面因素，例如 恢复力这个项目的总体目标是检查新开端计划的长期影响 (NBP)这是一项预防离婚后养育子女的计划，该计划在子女9岁至10岁时提供。 12岁NBP对多个问题的结果和能力产生了积极的影响， 童年、青春期和成年初显期。本申请建议对240名成年人进行26年的随访 研究对象是参加该项目随机对照试验（RCT）的母亲的后代（35-38岁）。 该项目的具体目标如下：1）研究NBP对身体健康的影响， 心理健康，物质使用问题和能力结果持续到成年，2）测试 途径，该计划有长期的影响，在成年期，3）评估是否NBP导致 26年前参加NBP的家庭的成年人（G2）的后代（G3）受益; 4） 全面评估NBP的财政影响。 该项目建立在五个多- 代理，多方法评估，保持良好（90%-98%的随机分配的家庭）。在6- 年和15年的随访评估，发现程序对多个功能领域的影响， 包括身体健康和心理健康的结果和能力。多方法、多主体 评估包括成年子女，他们的浪漫伴侣，他们3岁至10岁的孩子的报告。 18岁和孩子的老师;行为观察亲子互动;生理 将对健康结果进行衡量。数据分析策略，包括逻辑回归，分析 协方差和生存分析，将用于测试程序对成年人功能的影响， 子女将进行多路径调解模式，以确定导致 节目效果。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT: Parental divorce is experienced by about 1 million children per year in the US and it is estimated that 40% of children in the US will experience this transition in family structure. Parental divorce confers risk for problems in multiple domains of functioning across the lifespan. Compelling evidence demonstrates that this family transition confers risk for numerous problems in childhood, adolescence and adulthood that have significant individual and societal costs, including physical health problems, mental health problems, problematic substance use, cigarette smoking, and risky sexual activity. It also impairs competencies such as academic performance, peer competence and self-esteem. This proposal advances NICHD's scientific vision to “understand how specific… behavioral, and social factors interact over time to influence health and disease” and to identify individual- and family-level factors that are most likely to promote positive outcomes, such as resiliency. The overall goal of this project is to examine the long-term effects of the New Beginnings Program (NBP), a parenting-after-divorce prevention program that was provided when the offspring were between 9 and 12 years old. The NBP has shown positive effects on multiple problem outcomes and competencies in childhood, adolescence and emerging adulthood. This application proposes a 26-year follow-up of 240 adult offspring (35-38 years old) of mothers who participated in a randomized, controlled trial (RCT) of the program. The specific aims of the project are as follows: 1) examine whether the NBP's effects on physical health, mental health, and substance use problems and competence outcomes endure into adulthood, 2) test the pathways by which the program has long-term effects in adulthood, 3) assess whether the NBP leads to benefits in the offspring (G3) of adults (G2) whose families participated in the NBP 26 years earlier and 4)  conduct a comprehensive assessment of the NBP's fiscal impact.  This project builds on data from five multi- agent, multi-method assessments with excellent retention (90%-98% of randomly assigned families). In the 6- year and 15-year follow-up assessments, program effects were found on multiple domains of functioning, including physical health and mental health outcomes and competencies. Multi-method, multi-agent assessment that includes reports from the adult offspring, their romantic partners, their children between 3 and 18 years old and the children's teacher; behavioral observation of parent-child interactions; and physiological measures of health outcomes will be conducted. Data analytic strategies, including logistic regression, analysis of covariance and survival analysis, will be used to test program effects on the functioning of the adults and their children. Multiple-path mediation models will be conducted to identify the pathways that account for the program effects.