CSR&D Research Career Scientist Award

企业社会责任

• 批准号: 10047245
• 负责人: JEAN C. BECKHAM
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: DURHAM VA MEDICAL CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-10-01 至 2023-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10047245
• 关键词: Acoustics; Afghanistan; African American; Aggressive behavior; Alcohols; Anger; Applications Grants; Area; Award; Behavior Therapy; Behavioral; Blood Pressure; Candidate Disease Gene; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cigarette; Clinical; Clinical Trials; Collaborations; Collection; Cues; DNA; Data; Development; Diagnosis; Distress; Education; Emotional; Evaluation; Funding; Gene Expression; Genetic; Genetic Diseases; Grant; Health; Heart Rate; Homelessness; Hostility; Impairment; Individual; Intervention; Investigation; Iraq; Laboratories; Lead; Manuscripts; Marijuana; Medical; Mental disorders; Meta-Analysis; Methods; Methylation; Monitor; Nicotine; Nicotine Dependence; Patient Self-Report; Patients; Persons; Physical activity; Population; Positioning Attribute; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders; Pressoreceptors; Prevalence; Provider; Psychophysiology; Publishing; RNA; Randomized Clinical Trials; Registries; Relapse; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; Schizophrenia; Scientist; Services; Site; Sleep; Smoker; Smoking; Smoking Behavior; Smoking Cessation Intervention; Stimulus; Substance abuse problem; Symptoms; Time; Tobacco; Training Activity; Trauma; United States National Institutes of Health; Veterans; Vietnam; Violence; War; Woman; Work; behavioral health; cardiovascular risk factor; career; clinical center; comorbidity; cooperative study; craving; dehydroepiandrosterone; development policy; diaries; evidence base; experience; genome wide association study; heart rate variability; implementation efforts; improved; instrument; mHealth; men; modifiable risk; mortality; negative affect; novel; physical conditioning; prepulse inhibition; programs; psychiatric symptom; psychologic; reduce symptoms; response; screening; service utilization; smoking addiction; smoking cessation; smoking prevalence; smoking relapse; suicidal behavior; therapy development; trauma exposure; traumatic stress; treatment as usual

My research focus is on Veterans who have been diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a war- related illness. I was among the first to document hostility, violence and anger among individuals (both men and women) with PTSD. I was also among the first researchers to observe that individuals with PTSD self-report and are diagnosed with more physical health problems, including cardiovascular disorders. This work has led to several significant contributions in understanding the behavioral and psychophysiological mechanisms that may contribute to increased risk of poor health among persons with PTSD, including that individuals with PTSD have higher ambulatory heart rate and blood pressure, lower baroreceptor sensitivity, and lower heart rate variability. I have shown that individuals with PTSD have reduced sleep duration and sleep efficiency, which may lead to reduced levels of ambulatory heart rate variability, and that these effects occur early in the trajectory of those who develop PTSD. I have investigated mechanisms that may explain the association between increased prevalence and higher nicotine dependence in smokers with PTSD. I evaluated the effect of nicotine and smoking behavior on prepulse inhibition as well as acoustic startle among smokers with and without PTSD. My research has shown that smokers with PTSD experience higher craving and negative affect in response to trauma cues, that smoking cigarettes with or without nicotine reduces symptoms, but the ameliorative effect is short lived, and that emotional reactivity to trauma stimuli is related to a shorter time to smoking relapse. I have developed a novel mobile health intervention that has shown tremendous promise toward reducing smoking among those with PTSD and other psychiatric disorders. I have worked with my colleagues to demonstrate that global positioning monitoring may be ultimately useful in intervening with smokers. I am currently expanding the evaluation of mobile health approaches in a NIH-funded treatment development grant for smokers with schizophrenia and a merit review-funded randomized clinical trial in homeless smokers. My mentees and I have several grant applications under review to extend this work to changing two behavioral targets simultaneously (e.g., quitting alcohol and smoking cigarettes; quitting smoking and increasing physical activity; and quitting smoking tobacco and marijuana). Each of these approaches may help Veterans with key health problems. Because of my expertise in PTSD mechanisms and experience with developing registries, I was invited to lead the Genetics Laboratory of the VA VISN 6 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center in 2006, and I have served in that role since the inception of the VISN 6 MIRECC. The current registry has collected DNA and RNA among nearly 4,000 returning Veterans. My team and I have published a genome-wide association study (GWAS) with PTSD cases and non-cases, and evaluated several candidate genes in PTSD. I have also represented the MIRECC in the national PTSD Genetics Consortium, and the MIRECC samples have been included in a very large scale Consortium GWAS manuscript (more than 21,000 total samples) and a methylation manuscript. After collecting, extracting, and generating data over the past 10 years, we are currently excited to evaluate methylation and gene expression in the MIRECC sample as well as participate in the meta-analyses associated with the Consortium. I have recently been approved to serve as the Durham VAMC site PI for the VA Million Veteran Project (MVP), and this should lead to additional productive collaborations between the MIRECC Genetics Core and MVP-related projects focused on PTSD and substance abuse. I will continue my research program on PTSD and co-morbid conditions.

我的研究重点是被诊断为创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的退伍军人，这是一场战争 相关疾病。我是第一个记录个人中敌对，暴力和愤怒的人之一（男人和 女性）与PTSD。我也是第一个观察PTSD自我报告的人的研究人员之一 被诊断出患有更多身体健康问题，包括心血管疾病。这项工作导致了 在理解可能的行为和心理生理机制方面做出了一些重要贡献 有助于增加PTSD患者健康状况不佳的风险，包括PTSD的人有 较高的卧床心率和血压，降低压力感受的敏感性和降低心率的变异性。我 已经表明患有PTSD的人的睡眠时间降低和睡眠效率，这可能会导致 卧床心率变异性的水平降低，这些影响发生在那些人的轨迹早期 开发PTSD。我已经调查了可能解释患病率增加之间关联的机制 PTSD吸烟者的尼古丁依赖性较高。我评估了尼古丁和吸烟行为对 有或没有PTSD的吸烟者中的吸烟者中的预硫抑制作用以及声音惊吓。我的研究表明 具有PTSD的吸烟者对响应创伤提示的渴望和负面影响更高，吸烟 有或没有尼古丁的香烟可减少症状，但改善效果短暂，这种情感 对创伤刺激的反应性与吸烟复发的时间较短有关。我已经开发了一种新颖的移动健康 干预措施表现出对减少PTSD和其他人群中吸烟的巨大希望 精神疾病。我曾与同事合作，证明全球定位监控可能是 最终可用于干预吸烟者。我目前正在扩大移动健康方法的评估 在NIH资助的治疗开发赠款中，为患有精神分裂症的吸烟者和优异的评论资助 无家可归吸烟者的随机临床试验。我和我的受训者正在审查过一些赠款申请 将这项工作扩展到同时改变两个行为目标（例如，戒酒和吸烟； 戒烟并增加体育锻炼；并戒烟烟草和大麻）。每个 方法可以帮助退伍军人遇到关键的健康问题。因为我在PTSD机制方面的专业知识和 有发展注册表的经验，我被邀请领导VA VISN的遗传学实验室6心理 疾病研究，教育和临床中心于2006年，自从启用以来 Visn 6 mirecc。当前的注册表已收集了近4,000名退伍军人中的DNA和RNA。我的 我和团队已经发表了一项全基因组协会研究（GWAS），其中包括PTSD案例和非案例，以及 评估了PTSD中的几个候选基因。我还代表MiRECC参加了国家PTSD遗传学 财团和MIRECC样品已包含在非常大的GWAS手稿中 （总共21,000多个）和甲基化手稿。收集，提取和生成数据后 在过去的10年中，我们目前很高兴评估MiRECC中的甲基化和基因表达 样本以及参与与财团相关的荟萃分析。我最近被批准 作为VA百万退伍军人项目（MVP）的Durham VAMC网站PI，这应该导致额外 MIRECC遗传学核心与MVP相关项目之间的生产性合作集中在PTSD和 药物滥用。我将继续我的有关PTSD和合并症条件的研究计划。