Impact of Reduced Cannabis Use on Functional Outcomes

大麻使用障碍(CUD)与许多负面功能后果有关，不幸的是 在美国，CUD的比率正在上升。超过800万美国人报告吸食大量大麻 2013年的使用量，自2005年以来增长了59%。大量使用大麻(即在过去90年中的≥40上使用 天)与上瘾、失业、神经心理缺陷、教育程度低有关 以及减少体力活动。正如多个流行病学样本所显示的那样，布莱克 与其他种族相比，美国人更有可能滥用大麻。大量使用大麻的情况有所增加 在美国黑人中，这一比例甚至更高。种族歧视仍然是一个持久而重要的问题 公共卫生问题，破坏生活在美国的代表性不足群体的健康，并可能 与大麻使用和吸食大麻方面的不平等有关。种族歧视被定义为不公平的、有差别的 在种族基础上的待遇。在种族问题的经历之间存在着强烈的联系 歧视和心理痛苦。目前的证据表明，每天反复发生的种族纠纷 也与心理痛苦和身体健康有关。吸食大麻的人 有负面影响的人患上CUD的风险增加。目前，只存在有限的数据来检查 知觉歧视和大麻使用结果之间的关系，尽管最近的几项研究 表明感知到的压力和歧视可能是大麻使用轨迹的重要决定因素。 然而，这些研究受到对感知接触的回顾报告的限制 歧视。我们建议补充我们的母项目和最先进的生态瞬间 评估(EMA)协议，具有多个感知歧视测量以1)评估是否 长期遭受歧视与a)报告的与大麻有关的问题b)临时大麻有关 以克为单位的使用量和b)四周干预期内大麻的减少量，以及2)使用量 生态瞬时评估(EMA)技术衡量感知之间的日常关联 歧视和大麻使用。我们对拟议补充方案的中心假设是，经验 歧视的程度和日常感受到的不公平待遇将与大麻使用结果有关。这个 这项研究的基本原理是，它将提供关于这一重要的、但 未被研究的话题。因此，我们的发现将直接帮助我们理解过去的影响 以及持续存在的对大麻使用和滥用的种族歧视。

Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) is associated with a many negative functional outcomes, and unfortunately rates of CUD are increasing in the United States. More than 8 million Americans reported heavy cannabis use in 2013, representing a 59% increase since 2005. Heavy cannabis use (i.e., use on ≥ 40 of last 90 days) is associated with addiction, unemployment, neuropsychological deficits, lower educational attainment, and reduced physical activity. As shown across multiple epidemiologic samples, Black Americans are more likely to misuse cannabis than other racial groups. Heavy cannabis use has increased at an even higher rate among Black Americans. Racial discrimination remains a persistent and significant public health concern, undermining the health of underrepresented groups living in the USA and may be related to inequities in cannabis use and CUD. Racial discrimination is defined as unfair, differential treatment on the basis of race. There is a robust association between the experience of racial discrimination and psychological distress. Current evidence indicate that repeated everyday racial hassles are also associated with psychological distress and physical health. Persons who use cannabis to cope with negative affect are at increased risk of developing CUD. Currently, limited data exist examining the relationship between perceived discrimination and cannabis use outcomes although several recent studies suggest perceived stress and discrimination may be important determinants of cannabis use trajectories. These studies are limited, however, by a reliance on retrospective reports of perceived exposure to discrimination. We propose to supplement our parent project and state-of-the-art ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol with multiple measures of perceived discrimination to 1) Evaluate whether exposure to chronic discrimination is related to a) reported cannabis-related problems b) ad lib cannabis use in grams and b) magnitude of cannabis reduction during a four-week intervention period, and 2) Use ecological momentary assessment (EMA) technology to measure the daily association between perceived discrimination and cannabis use. Our central hypothesis for the proposed supplement is that experiences of discrimination and daily perceived unfair treatment will be related to cannabis use outcomes. The rationale for this research is that it will provide the first and only real-time data on this important, but understudied topic. Thus, our findings will directly inform our understanding regarding the effects of past and ongoing racial discrimination on cannabis use and misuse.