A dual-purpose vaccine targeting blood-feeding nematode parasites of sheep and humans
A dual-purpose vaccine targeting blood-feeding nematode parasites of sheep and humans
批准号:
10006858
负责人:
RAFFI V AROIAN
金额:
$50.97万
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2019
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2019-09-05 至 2024-06-30
关键词:
AdjuvantAdultAncylostoma (genus)AnemiaAnimal ModelAnimalsAnthelminticsAntibodiesAntigensBehaviorBloodCD69 antigenCattleChildClinical TrialsCognitive deficitsComplementCountryDataDehydrationDepressed moodDevelopmentDiseaseEconomicsEducationEnvironmentFutureGenesGenetic TranscriptionGenetic VariationGenomicsGoalsGoatGrowthHaemonchusHairHamstersHealthHookworm InfectionsHookwormsHumanImmuneImmune systemImmunocompetentImmunocompromised HostImmunologicsImpaired cognitionInfectionIngestionIntestinesIron deficiency anemiaLaboratoriesLeadLethargiesLifeLife Cycle StagesMalnutritionMedicalMulti-Drug ResistanceNecatorNematodaNutrientParasitesPathogenicityPeptide HydrolasesPharmaceutical PreparationsPharmacotherapyPhase I Clinical TrialsPhylogenetic AnalysisPlanet EarthPreventive vaccineProductionProductivityProteinsReproductionResearchResistanceRoleRuminantsSheepSpecificityStrongylidaSystemTechniquesTestingToxinVaccinatedVaccine AntigenVaccinesVeterinary MedicineWeightWoolacquired immunityadverse maternal outcomesbaseburden of illnesscomparativecomparative genomicsdisabilitydrug efficacyfeedingfood securitygastrointestinalgenome-wide analysishuman modelimmunosuppressedimprovedin vivonematode antigennovel vaccinespreclinical studypreventprophylacticsuccesstraittranscriptometranscriptome sequencingtranscriptomicsvaccine candidatevaccine developmentvaccine efficacyvaccine trial
中文摘要
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英文摘要
Project Summary/Abstract (30 lines permitted)
Hookworms (genera Ancylostoma and Necator) and Haemonchus contortus are related (clade V, suborder
Strongylida) blood-feeding gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) parasites of humans and ruminants. In humans,
hookworms are a leading cause of anemia globally and one of the most medically important parasites on earth,
infecting half a billion people and causing growth stunting, cognitive impairment, malnutrition, and loss of future
earnings/education/productivity. In small ruminants (e.g., sheep, goats), Haemonchus is one of the most
important and devastating parasites, with infections leading to severe dehydration, anemia, lethargy, depressed
low-energy behavior, rough hair coats, low weights, and poor wool and lamb production. Infections can be lethal.
Drug efficacy is becoming limited for both groups of parasites, with resistance emerging in humans and
widespread in sheep. Therefore, complementation of drug treatment with a prophylactic vaccine would be an
enormous step forward for control and eventual elimination of blood-feeding GIN parasites. However, vaccine
development against blood-feeding GINs is complicated because these parasites are masters at evading the
immune system. We propose to use state-of-the art genomic, transcriptomic, and immunoinformatic techniques
to identify and prioritize novel vaccine targets against blood-feeding GINs. Preliminary data are encouraging. We
will use our promising preliminary data to investigate what constitutes a good vaccine against blood-feeding
GINs, as well as to improve the efficacy of one vaccine candidate by altering expression platforms and adjuvants.
Furthermore, we will use genomics, transcriptomics, and immunoinformatics to compare intestinal-specific genes
encoding putative secreted proteins between these two blood-feeding parasites, and to compare
immunomodulated genes encoding putative secreted intestinal proteins between these two nematode parasites.
These comparisons will be used to identify conserved, high-value blood-feeding-specific GIN antigens. These
candidate antigens will be tested first in our small animal model of human hookworm infection to identify single
hookworm vaccine antigens, and/or a combination of hookworm vaccine antigens, that will engender complete
or near-complete protection from infection in the laboratory. Promising antigens will be rapidly transferred to a
large animal system;; sheep will be vaccinated with the corresponding H. contortus antigens and similarly
assessed for protection. Immunological and mechanistic aspects of protection will be studied. Our goal is to
identify one or more immunogens that can be optimized in pre-clinical studies and then advanced to human and
ovine/caprine clinical trials.
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海外基金