Impact of preconception and onward exposure to air pollution on growth trajectories of infants and children (R01)

怀孕前和以后接触空气污染对婴儿和儿童生长轨迹的影响（R01）

• 批准号: 10006854
• 负责人: FRANK D. GILLILAND
• 金额: $ 49.28万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-03 至 2023-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10006854
• 关键词: Address; Adolescence; Adult; Affect; Air; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Alcohol consumption; Aromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons; Behavioral; Birth; Birth Weight; Body Weight; Breast Feeding; Calories; Child; Childhood; Chronic Disease; Conceptions; Congenital Heart Defects; Consumption; Data; Data Set; Development; Diet; Economics; Enrollment; Environmental Exposure; Epigenetic Process; Ethnic Origin; Exposure to; Fathers; Fetal Growth; Fetus; Gametogenesis; Genetic; Germ Cells; Gestational Age; Gestational Diabetes; Government; Growth; Health; Height; Hospitals; Human; Hypertension; Impairment; In Vitro; Infant; Infant Care; Infection; Intake; Knowledge; Lead; Life; Longitudinal Studies; Longitudinal cohort; Low Birth Weight Infant; Maternal Exposure; Measurement; Measures; Modeling; Monitor; Mothers; Neonatal; Newborn Infant; Nitrogen Dioxide; Obesity; Obesity Epidemic; Outcome; Parents; Particulate Matter; Paternal Exposure; Pattern; Phenotype; Physical activity; Placenta; Pollution; Polynomial Models; Population; Predisposition; Pregnancy; Process; Publishing; Reporting; Resolution; Risk Factors; Role; Sample Size; Schedule; Site; Smoking; Smoking Status; Specific qualifier value; Statistical Models; Study Subject; Testing; Time; Tobacco smoke; Weight; Weight Gain; Woman; adverse outcome; air monitoring; base; cohort; critical developmental period; dietary supplements; early childhood; early life exposure; fetal programming; fine particles; flexibility; global health; in utero; infancy; land use; large datasets; longitudinal dataset; maternal cigarette smoking; men; metropolitan; obesity development; obesity in children; obesity risk; physical conditioning; pollutant; postnatal; postnatal period; prenatal; prenatal exposure; programs; residence; sex; social; urban area

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Childhood obesity is a risk factor for many chronic diseases in childhood and adulthood. Excessive calorie consumption, inadequate physical activity, and genetics are important factors in the burgeoning obesity epidemic; but emerging evidence suggests a role for early-life exposure to air pollution, beginning at the preconception period of gametes maturation and continuing into the entire childhood. Despite that 92% of world’s population today lives in places where ambient air quality exceeds health-based limits per a 2016 WHO report, no published studies have assessed the potential critical time windows, including the preconception period, during which air pollution exposures may adversely affect birth weight and growth trajectory, two significant predictors for childhood obesity. Here we present an overarching hypothesis that air pollution exposures during critical early life developmental periods of preconception, in utero, and first 2 years of life, are associated with obesity-related developmental perturbations, which is manifested by low birth weight and higher growth trajectories during early childhood. We propose to examine this hypothesis in 20,000 newborns whose fathers and mothers have both been enrolled in the Shanghai PreConception Cohort (SPCC) throughout 29 hospitals from year 2016-2018. Each of these newborns has detailed paternal and maternal preconception baseline health, dietary supplement, smoking, alcohol consumption, and demographic data, detailed maternal gestational information, and birth outcome data. During their first 2 years of life, these newborns have up to 6 scheduled physical and health exams, providing data for us to calculate weight and height, potentially non-linear, growth trajectories and assess relevant postnatal variables such as breast-feeding, infection, and illness. Across the 20,000 residence addresses of study subjects, there exist unusually large temporal and spatial variabilities in pollutant concentrations especially for traffic related air pollutants. We will use cutting-edge tempo-spatial exposure models, validated with air monitoring data from 10 governmental stations and our supplementary air pollution measurements, to compute pollutant concentrations at residence addresses for a set of specified time windows including sensitive preconception periods for mothers and fathers (respectively), gestational months and trimesters, and throughout the first 2 years of infancy. By leveraging the rich dataset of this large longitudinal cohort of 20,000 children, we will use distributed lag models to identify critical exposure windows and to examine potential effect differences by factors such as child sex, social economic status and parental smoking status from preconception to gestation periods. If our hypothesis is proven true, this study will provide the first scientific evidence supporting paternal and maternal air pollution exposure during critical time windows, including preconception and in utero periods, as a risk factor for low birth weight and excessive body growth in childhood.

项目概要/摘要 儿童肥胖是儿童和成年时期许多慢性疾病的危险因素。卡路里过多 消费、体力活动不足和遗传是导致肥胖流行的重要因素； 但新出现的证据表明，从受孕前就开始，生命早期接触空气污染就发挥了作用 配子成熟并持续到整个童年的时期。尽管世界上92%的人口 根据 2016 年世界卫生组织报告，如今生活在环境空气质量超过健康限值的地方，未发表 研究评估了潜在的关键时间窗口，包括怀孕前期，在此期间空气 污染暴露可能会对出生体重和生长轨迹产生不利影响，这是出生体重和生长轨迹的两个重要预测因素 儿童肥胖症。 在这里，我们提出了一个总体假设，即关键早期阶段的空气污染暴露 孕前、子宫内和生命最初两年的生命发育阶段与肥胖相关 发育扰动，表现为低出生体重和早期生长轨迹较高 童年。我们建议在 20,000 名新生儿中检验这一假设，这些新生儿的父亲和母亲都患有 2016年至2018年期间，我们被纳入了上海29家医院的孕前队列（SPCC）。 这些新生儿中的每一个都有详细的父亲和母亲的孕前基线健康状况、膳食补充剂、 吸烟、饮酒和人口统计数据、详细的孕产妇妊娠信息和出生情况 结果数据。在生命的头 2 年里，这些新生儿有多达 6 项预定的身体和健康计划 考试，为我们提供数据来计算体重和身高（可能是非线性的）生长轨迹并评估 相关的产后变量，例如母乳喂养、感染和疾病。横跨20,000个住宅 研究对象的地址，污染物存在异常大的时间和空间变异性 特别是与交通相关的空气污染物的浓度。我们将使用尖端的时空曝光 模型，通过 10 个政府站的空气监测数据和我们的补充空气污染进行验证 测量，计算一组指定时间窗口内居住地址的污染物浓度 包括母亲和父亲（分别）的敏感孕前期、妊娠月份和 三个月以及整个婴儿期的前两年。通过利用这个大型纵向的丰富数据集 20,000名儿童的队列， 我们将使用分布式滞后模型来识别关键曝光窗口并检查 儿童性别、社会经济地位和父母吸烟状况等因素的潜在影响差异 从受孕前到妊娠期。如果我们的假设被证明是正确的，这项研究将提供第一个科学依据 支持父亲和母亲在关键时间窗口暴露于空气污染的证据，包括 孕前和子宫内时期，作为低出生体重和儿童时期身体过度生长的危险因素。