Genetic Privacy and Identity in Sexual and Gender Minorities: GetPrISM

性和性别少数群体在健康和医疗保健方面经历着巨大的差距。这些 不平等是由社会、政治、环境和基因因素之间复杂的相互作用造成的，所有这些因素都是 如果我们要解决这些差异，就必须理解这一点。这项研究需要了解 SGM群体面临的问题通常需要分析大量的个体表型和 行为信息、社区特征和大规模基因组数据。一些调查人员可能会寻求 探索性取向和性别认同是多基因但非多基因的复杂特征的假设 这些遗传因素可能导致健康差异。这些 分析大量基因组数据和其他数据的研究策略，代表了一个巨大的变化， 早期的研究实践对研究参与者的影响。涉及SGM的研究历史 尤其是在最终未能成功寻找“同性恋基因”之后， 在20世纪90年代当时的一些作家支持寻找基因对性取向的贡献， 减少耻辱感。其他人反对这项研究，因为他们担心研究结果会被用来歧视 反对SGM即使是现在，人们对SGM如何看待涉及遗传学的研究也知之甚少 以及性取向和性别认同（SOGI）数据，或者他们是否愿意参与此类 research.最近的一项研究报告说，在一个假设的环境中， 参加我们所有人的队列计划，而一项全面的审查引用了几项研究表明， 由于担心误解，SGM更不愿意参加基因组学研究。识别和 解决这些问题不仅对保护/代表SGM社区至关重要，而且对邀请 这些群体的参与，以确保他们获得精准医疗。 这个应用程序的首要目标是调查使用遗传和SOGI数据的研究前景 在一群不同的自我认同的SGM社区成员中。我们将使用定性方法， 检查以下两个目标：1）识别和理解有关研究的观点范围， 遗传和SOGI数据，包括对进行研究的个人的风险、危害和益处的看法 与健康问题以及与性取向和性别认同有关的生物因素; 2)描述SGM对使用SOGI数据进行遗传研究的适当性的态度和意见 以及他们希望解决的问题和他们在参与之前需要的保障措施 research.该项目将使我们能够改进在其他地点使用的策略，以提高我们的 研究结果，并建立一个强大的证据基础，以制定道德上可接受的研究方案， 确定并解决影响特殊女性的健康差距。

Sexual and gender minorities (SGMs) experience significant disparities in health and health care. These inequities result from complex interactions among social, political, environmental, and genomic factors, all of which must be understood if we are to address these disparities. The research needed to understand the health issues faced by SGM populations will often require analysis of large collections of individual phenotypic and behavioral information, community characteristics, and large-scale genomic data. Some investigators may seek to explore hypotheses that sexual orientation and gender identity are complex traits with a polygenic, but non- determinative component and that those genetic components may contribute to health disparities. These research strategies, which analyze large amounts of genomic and other data, represent a dramatic change from earlier research practices in their implications for research participants. The history of research involving SGMs has been particularly controversial, especially in the wake of the ultimately unsuccessful search for a “gay gene” in the 1990s. Some writers at the time supported the search for genetic contributions to sexual orientation in order to decrease stigma. Others opposed this research for fear that the results would be used to discriminate against SGMs. Even now, surprisingly little is known about what SGMs think about research involving genetics and sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) data or whether they would be willing to participate in such research. A recent study reported that SGMs, in a hypothetical setting, expressed greater willingness than others to take part in the All of Us Cohort Program, whereas a comprehensive review cited several studies showing that SGMs were more reluctant to enroll in genomics research due to fears of misinterpretation. Identifying and addressing these concerns is crucial not only to protecting/representing the SGM community, but also to inviting participation of these groups to ensure their access to precision medicine. The overarching goal of this application is to investigate perspectives on research using genetic and SOGI data among a diverse group of self-identifying SGM community members. We will use a qualitative approach to examine the following two aims: 1) To identify and understand the range of perspectives about research involving genetic and SOGI data, including perceptions of risks, harms, and benefits to individuals of conducting research on biological factors related to health problems as well as related to sexual orientation and gender identity; and 2) To characterize SGM attitudes and opinions about the appropriateness of genetic research using SOGI data and the issues they would want to see addressed and safeguards they would require before participating in research. This project will allow us to refine strategies for use at other sites to enhance the generalizability of our findings and to develop a robust evidence base for developing ethically acceptable research protocols that will identify and address the health disparities affecting SGMs.