Elucidating the neural mechanisms behind transcranial direct current stimulation

阐明经颅直流电刺激背后的神经机制

• 批准号: 10028281
• 负责人: MYLES Mc Laughlin
• 金额: $ 21.72万
• 依托单位: KATHOLIEKE UNIVERSITEIT LEUVEN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-07-01 至 2025-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10028281
• 关键词: Affect; Anesthetics; Animal Experiments; Animals; Automobile Driving; Behavioral; Brain; Cell Nucleus; Cervical nerves; Clinical Trials; Cognitive; Communication; Cranial Nerves; Cream; Development; Devices; Effectiveness; Electrodes; Electrophysiology (science); Funding; Human; Human Resources; Impaired cognition; Investigation; Knowledge; Lead; Learning; Marketing; Medical; Membrane; Memory; Mental Depression; Mental disorders; Methods; Monitor; Motor; Motor Cortex; Motor Evoked Potentials; Nature; Nervous System control; Neurons; Norepinephrine; Peripheral Nerve Stimulation; Peripheral Nerves; Pharmacology; Positioning Attribute; Publications; Rattus; Reporting; Reproducibility; Resources; Role; Route; Sales; Scalp structure; Schizophrenia; Series; Shock; Sympathetic Nervous System; Synaptic plasticity; Testing; Time; Trigeminal nerve structure; Work; addiction; compare effectiveness; cranium; electric field; empowered; experience; experimental study; healthy volunteer; improved; insight; locus ceruleus structure; mild cognitive impairment; motor learning; nervous system disorder; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; neuroregulation; novel; relating to nervous system; skills; transcutaneous stimulation

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation method in which direct current is passed through scalp electrodes. The current flows through the scalp, skull and CSF before creating a weak electric field in the brain and causing membrane polarization in cortical neurons. Over the last 20 years, thousands of studies have highlighted many wide ranging tDCS effects on perceptual, cognitive and motor function. More recently, clinical trials have begun to assess the effectiveness of tDCS in treating mental illnesses such as addiction, depression and schizophrenia. However, in spite of the massive amount of financial and scientific resources directed towards tDCS, there is considerable debate about its effectiveness and reproducibility. Perhaps even more surprisingly, the basic mechanism though which tDCS exerts these effects remains unknown. The aim of this project is to answer this fundamental question by elucidating and understanding the mechanisms driving the reported tDCS effects. In addition to the neuromodulatory effects caused by direct polarization of cortical neurons, tDCS also stimulates cranial and cervical nerves in the scalp that give indirect input to the brain. Potential effects from this indirect tDCS neuromodulatory route have been largely overlooked by the field. This project will combine healthy volunteer and animal experiments to investigate a range of potential tDCS mechanisms. Healthy volunteer’s experiments will use careful controls and pharmacological blockers to probe the potential mechanisms that are driving tDCS effects. Animal electrophysiology experiments will be used to test the validity of and to provide insight into these mechanisms. Given the current issues in the tDCS field, the deeper mechanistic insight provided by this project will be vital in advancing the tDCS field at this critical juncture. The new insight provided by this project will help direct financial and scientific resources towards the development of improved noninvasive neuromodulation therapies, which can then more effectively treat a wide range of neurological and psychiatric disorders.

项目摘要/摘要 经颅直流电刺激是一种非侵入性的神经调节方法，在这种方法中， 电流通过头皮电极。电流流经头皮、头骨和脑脊液之前 在大脑中产生一个微弱的电场，并导致皮层神经元的膜极化。超过了 在过去的20年里，数以千计的研究强调了许多广泛的tdcs对知觉和认知的影响。 和运动功能。最近，临床试验已经开始评估tdcs在治疗中的有效性。 精神疾病，如上瘾、抑郁症和精神分裂症。然而，尽管数额巨大， 用于tdcs的财政和科学资源，关于其 有效性和再现性。也许更令人惊讶的是，tdcs的基本机制 产生这些影响的原因尚不清楚。该项目的目的是通过以下方式回答这一根本问题 阐明和理解已报道的tdcs效应的驱动机制。除 皮质神经元直接极化引起的神经调制效应，tDCs也刺激颅脑和 头皮上的颈神经，给大脑提供间接的输入。这种间接的tdcs的潜在影响 神经调节途径在很大程度上被该领域忽视。该项目将结合健康志愿者 和动物实验，以研究一系列潜在的tdcs机制。健康志愿者 实验将使用谨慎的对照和药物阻滞剂来探索潜在的机制 都在推动tdcs效应。动物电生理学实验将被用来测试和 提供对这些机制的洞察。鉴于目前tdcs领域存在的问题，更深层次的机制 该项目提供的洞察力对于在这个关键时刻推进tdcs领域将是至关重要的。新洞察力 由该项目提供的资金和科学资源将直接用于改进的开发 非侵入性神经调节疗法，可以更有效地治疗广泛的神经性疾病 和精神障碍。