Development of a portable and compact robotic system for frameless and maskless stereotactic radiosurgery

开发用于无框架和无面罩立体定向放射外科的便携式紧凑型机器人系统

• 批准号: 10047519
• 负责人: Rodney Wiersma
• 金额: $ 27.66万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-04 至 2023-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10047519
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; 3D Print; Advanced Development; Anatomy; Arteries; Back; Body Weight decreased; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Brain Stem; Cephalic; Clinic; Clinical; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials; Complex; Coupling; Development; Dose; Environment; Freedom; Gel; Head; Hour; Image; Immobilization; Joints; Laws; Lead; Linear Accelerator Radiotherapy Systems; Local anesthesia; Masks; Medical; Metals; Methods; Modality; Motion; Nature; Nerve; Operative Surgical Procedures; Patients; Persons; Positioning Attribute; Preparation; Problem Solving; Radiation; Radiation Dose Unit; Radiation therapy; Radiosurgery; Research; Risk; Robot; Robotics; Rotation; Schedule; Site; Structure; Surface; Surgical Flaps; Surgical complication; Swelling; System; Techniques; Testing; Therapeutic; Time; Uncertainty; Validation; base; bone; brain tissue; compliance behavior; cranium; design and construction; face mask; healthy volunteer; improved; meetings; novel; patient population; patient safety; portability; robot control; robotic system; simulation; skills; success; therapy outcome; traditional therapy; treatment planning; tumor; volunteer

ABSTRACT Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a non-surgical technique used to treat functional abnormalities and small tumors of the brain. It delivers precisely targeted radiation in fewer high dose treatments than traditional therapy and allows access to sites that would otherwise be difficult or inadvisable to treat due to potential surgical complications to nearby nerves, arteries, and other vital structures. To achieve the 1-2mm precision for intracranial SRS, a metal head ring is rigidly fixated to the patient’s skull using screws under local anesthesia, and then bolted to the treatment couch. The discomfort, inconvenience, and invasive nature associated with the frame preparation have been identified as a serious cause of poor patient compliance and poor clinical efficiencies when SRS is medically indicated. For certain patients, with extreme cranial anatomy or prior surgical bone flaps, ring placement is not possible. In addition, the frame prohibits cases when a hypo- fractionated scheduled is desired leading to the use of techniques with far less accuracy. For clinics, with tight patient linear accelerator (LINAC) scheduling, or high patient to LINAC volumes, frame based SRS scheduling can prove to be problematic due to the necessity of performing the CT simulation, treatment planning, LINAC SRS QA, patient setup, and treatment on the same day. Research aimed at eliminating the frame through the use of thermoplastic face masks have resulted in SRS with less accuracy as mask flex can lead to systematic drift of up to 2-3mm away from the intended target due to rotation about the fulcrum at the back of the skull. Additionally, mask based immobilization accuracy is highly dependent on mask manufacturing quality, skill of the person applying the mask, shrinkage of the mask during treatment, and physical changes of the patient’s head due to swelling or weight loss. In certain cases this has led to uncertainties as large as 6 mm and 2.5 degrees. Such accuracies are not suitable for deep tumors located near critical structures such as the brain stem or for newer treatment modalities such as single iso-center multiple target SRS which are highly sensitive to rotational errors. We propose to solve these problems by developing a novel robotic SRS system that does not require a frame or mask. The hypothesis is that the use of real-time 6 degree of freedom (6DOF) patient head motion tracking and active robotic control systems can assist patients in maintaining a stable sub-millimeter sub-degree head position for long periods of time. Specific aims include: (1) To develop an advanced real-time 6DOF trajectory control law. (2) Design and construction of a clinical robotic SRS system using real-time 3D surface image tracking. (3) Anthropomorphic phantom, healthy volunteer and patient clinical trials.

抽象的 立体定向放射外科 (SRS) 是一种非手术技术，用于治疗功能异常和小肿瘤 脑肿瘤。与传统方法相比，它以更少的高剂量治疗提供精确的靶向辐射 治疗并允许进入由于潜在的潜在危险而难以或不建议治疗的部位 附近神经、动脉和其他重要结构的手术并发症。达到1-2mm的精度 对于颅内 SRS，使用局部螺钉将金属头环牢固地固定在患者的颅骨上。 麻醉后，然后被固定到治疗床上。不适、不便和侵入性 与框架准备相关的问题已被确定为患者依从性差的严重原因， 当有医学指征时，SRS 的临床效率较差。对于某些具有极端颅骨解剖结构或 在进行骨瓣手术之前，不可能放置环。此外，框架禁止当一个hypo- 需要分段调度，导致使用精度低得多的技术。对于诊所来说，有严格的 患者直线加速器 (LINAC) 调度，或高患者至 LINAC 容量、基于帧的 SRS 调度 由于需要执行 CT 模拟、治疗计划、直线加速器 (LINAC)，可能会出现问题 SRS QA、患者设置和治疗在同一天完成。研究旨在通过消除框架 使用热塑性面罩导致 SRS 精度较低，因为面罩弯曲会导致系统性 由于围绕头骨后部的支点旋转，偏离预期目标最多 2-3 毫米。 此外，基于面罩的固定精度在很大程度上取决于面罩的制造质量、技术人员的技能。 佩戴口罩的人、治疗过程中口罩的收缩情况以及患者的身体变化 头部因肿胀或体重减轻。在某些情况下，这会导致高达 6 毫米和 2.5 的不确定性 度。这种精度不适合位于大脑等关键结构附近的深部肿瘤 干或新的治疗方式，例如高度敏感的单等中心多目标 SRS 到旋转误差。 我们建议通过开发一种不需要框架的新型机器人 SRS 系统来解决这些问题 或面具。假设是使用实时 6 自由度 (6DOF) 患者头部运动跟踪 主动机器人控制系统可以帮助患者保持稳定的亚毫米亚度头部 长时间处于某个位置。具体目标包括：（1）开发先进的实时六自由度轨迹 控制法。 (2)利用实时3D表面图像的临床机器人SRS系统的设计和构建 追踪。 (3)拟人体模、健康志愿者和患者临床试验。