Auditory attention in first episode psychosis

首发精神病中的听觉注意

• 批准号: 10055800
• 负责人: Dean F Salisbury
• 金额: $ 8.32万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-08-19 至 2021-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10055800
• 关键词: Affect; Affective; Area; Attention; Attentional deficit; Auditory; Auditory Evoked Potentials; Auditory area; Auditory system; Biological Markers; Bipolar Disorder; Brain; Cognition; Cognitive; Cognitive deficits; Communication; Complex; Coupling; Data; Delusions; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Disease; Distal; Ear; Early identification; Early treatment; Electroencephalography; Esthesia; Event; Event-Related Potentials; Evoked Potentials; Frequencies; Functional disorder; Goals; Hearing; Human; Impairment; Individual; Interview; Knowledge; Left; Loudness; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Nature; Neurodevelopmental Disorder; Neuropsychological Tests; Neurosciences; Occupational; Parietal Lobe; Participant; Pathology; Persons; Phase; Physiology; Play; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Protocols documentation; Psychopathology; Psychotic Disorders; Reporting; Research; Role; Scalp structure; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Sensory Process; Services; Signal Transduction; Source; Stimulus; Structure; Symptoms; Testing; Training; Voice; Work; affective psychoses; attentional modulation; auditory processing; base; brain morphology; cognitive ability; cognitive disability; cognitive neuroscience; cognitive performance; executive function; experimental study; first episode psychosis; first episode schizophrenia; follow-up; functional disability; functional outcomes; gray matter; help-seeking behavior; high risk; nonhuman primate; novel; operation; prodromal psychosis; relating to nervous system; research study; response; selective attention; sensor; sensory cortex; social; sound

Selective attention, the ability to focus on one percept among others, is one of the first executive functions affected by psychosis. Basic neuroscience work has begun to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of how selective attention, arising in prefrontal cortex, modulates sensory cortex activity via connections with posterior parietal cortex. In terms of physiology, alpha waves (~10 Hz) and gamma waves (~40 Hz) appear to play a central role in the effects of attention, by which sensory activity to to-be-attended events is increased, while sensory activity to to-be-ignored events is decreased. In human cognitive neuroscience research, studies that examine functional connectivity between different areas of the brain on the basis of specific oscillations (rather than at the scalp) are relatively few. The proposed studies will expand our knowledge of how attention increases sensory activity in the human brain, and how these processes go awry in newly emerging psychosis. In human psychopathology research, several emerging threads have changed the way psychosis is understood. First, evidence indicates progressive cognitive and cortical gray matter decline during the early disease course, even prior to the emergence of psychosis. Second, increasing evidence suggests that psychosis not only affects the highest levels of cognition, but that sensory processes are affected as well. What is not known is to what degree these sensory deficits are due to progressive pathology of cortical sensory areas or to progressive pathology of executive control centers in prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex, such that modulation of sensory activity by executive centers is impaired via reduced functional connectivity. Both schizophrenia and affective psychosis are thought to be late neurodevelopmental disorders with progressive worsening. We hypothesize that higher-order operations that require long range communication and synchronization between multiple distal cortical areas and highly complex integrated processing will be affected first. Hence, we suggest selective attention-based modulation of sensory activity will be impaired quite early in disease course. Our primary goal is to examine how attention affects sensory activity in the auditory system as subjects attend or ignore one tone, two tones, or four tones, thereby increasing the attentional demand for each task. We will use combined EEG & MEG reconstructed into individual brain morphology from structural MRI which will allow for highly precise measurement of neural activity within the brain as participants perform the tasks. Subjects will be tested at first psychotic episode and 6 months later to follow any progressive pathology, and at 12 months to assign definitive diagnoses. A secondary goal is to determine if deficits in the ability to modulate sensory activity by attention, as indicated in our preliminary data, may serve as biomarkers for emerging psychosis. If so, our next step would be to examine attentional modulation of sensory signals in high-risk possibly prodromal help seekers. Thus our strategy is to validate potential pre- psychosis biomarkers right at the emergence of psychosis in known cases, which may then be used to detect the relatively few high-risk help seekers that are actually prodromal for psychosis.

选择性注意力，即集中于一种感知和其他感知的能力，是最先受到影响的执行功能之一 精神错乱。神经科学的基础工作已经开始阐明选择性的潜在机制 注意力产生于前额叶皮质，通过与顶叶后叶的连接调节感觉皮质的活动 大脑皮层。就生理学而言，阿尔法波(~10赫兹)和伽马波(~40赫兹)似乎起着中心作用 在注意力的影响中，通过这种效应，对要参加的事件的感觉活动增加，而感觉活动 要忽略的事件减少了。在人类认知神经科学研究中，研究 大脑不同区域之间基于特定振荡(而不是头皮)的连接是 相对较少。这项拟议的研究将扩大我们对注意力如何增加大脑中感觉活动的了解。 人类大脑，以及这些过程是如何在新出现的精神病中出错的。在人类精神病理学中 研究发现，一些新出现的线索已经改变了人们对精神病的理解。首先，有证据表明 进行性认知和皮质灰质衰退在早期病程中，甚至在 精神病的出现。其次，越来越多的证据表明，精神病不仅影响最高级别 但感觉过程也会受到影响。尚不清楚的是，这些感官在多大程度上 缺陷是由于皮质感觉区的进行性病理或执行控制的进行性病理造成的 中枢位于前额叶皮质和后顶叶皮质，因此执行对感觉活动的调节 中枢因功能连接减少而受损。精神分裂症和情感性精神病都被认为 为进行性恶化的晚期神经发育障碍。我们假设更高阶的运算 需要在多个远端皮质区域之间进行远程通信和同步，并且高度 复杂的综合加工将首先受到影响。因此，我们建议基于注意的选择性调节 感觉活动在病程的早期就会受到损害。我们的主要目标是研究注意力是如何影响 当受试者注意或忽略一个音调、两个音调或四个音调时，听觉系统中的感觉活动，从而 增加每项任务的注意需求。我们将使用联合脑电和脑磁图重建为个体 来自结构核磁共振的大脑形态，将允许高度精确地测量大脑 当参与者执行任务时，大脑。受试者将在第一次精神病发作时接受测试，6个月后到 根据任何进行性病理，并在12个月时指定明确的诊断。次要目标是 确定注意力调节感觉活动的能力缺陷，如我们的初步数据所示，是否可能 作为新出现的精神病的生物标志物。如果是这样的话，我们的下一步将是研究注意调节 可能是前驱症状的高危求助者的感觉信号。因此，我们的策略是验证潜在的预 在已知病例中，精神病生物标记物在精神病出现时，可以用来检测 相对较少的高风险求助者实际上是精神病的前驱。