The corner liquor store: race, retail, and health risk in urban African American communities

国家酒精滥用和酒精中毒研究所指出，“人们喝酒是为了社交、庆祝， 放松。”事实上，酒精消费在美国社会生活中占有突出地位， 人口，并广泛销售。然而，全国健康数据显示，非洲裔美国人更有可能 戒酒例如，根据2016年国民健康保险调查， 白色，但43.6%的黑人成年人目前经常饮酒。然而，非裔美国人谁喝 饮酒更多，往往更容易酗酒。同样，这个群体有一个 患酒精相关肝病的风险更高。酒精还与其他一些疾病有关 其中非裔美国人患有高发病率和死亡率，例如心血管疾病和癌症。 因为非裔美国人慢性病的不平等负担不仅仅归因于 个人的社会经济地位或获得医疗保健，需要进行研究， 健康风险。大量的研究表明，非洲裔美国人社区在很大程度上 暴露于酒类商店，这与饮酒模式不一致。酒类商店密度 与更多的酒精消费和一些负面结果，从伤害， 性传播疾病除了与消费有关的直接健康风险外，酒类商店还 对非裔美国人社区的系统性压力，健康结果只是其中之一。通过诱导 社会经济和社会压力源的级联，以及在体制做法中使种族不平等永久化， 和社会关系，酒类商店在黑人生活中有着深远而广阔的影响。迄今为止，这些影响 很少被审问。拟议的研究旨在推进对健康的社会决定因素的研究 通过对酒类商店的流行、经营、商品和酒精饮料进行历史分析， 从大约1945年到现在，在城市非洲裔美国人社区的营销。借鉴一 各种各样的档案资源，商店的街道观察，以及对酒类商店工人的采访， 拟议的工作将对邻里环境和健康的研究作出创新贡献。

The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism notes that “people drink to socialize, celebrate, and relax.” Indeed, alcohol consumption features prominently in American social life, is widely consumed in the population, and is extensively marketed. Yet, national health data show that African Americans are more likely to abstain from alcohol use. For example, according to the 2016 National Health Insurance Survey, 57.6% of White, but 43.6% of Black adults were current regular drinkers. However, African Americans who do drink consume more alcohol and are often more likely to engage in binge drinking. As well, this population has a higher risk for developing alcohol-related liver disease. Alcohol is also linked to a number of other conditions from which African Americans suffer high morbidity and mortality such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. Because the unequal burden of chronic disease among African Americans is not attributable solely to individual socioeconomic status or access to health care, research is needed to contextualize alcohol-related health risks. A significant body of research has documented that African American communities are heavily exposed to liquor stores, a mismatch that is discordant from drinking patterns. Liquor store density is associated with greater consumption of alcohol and with a number of negative outcomes ranging from injury to sexually transmitted disease. Beyond immediate health risks related to consumption, liquor stores exert systematic pressures on African American communities of which health outcomes are but one. By inducing a cascade of socioeconomic and social stressors, and by perpetuating racial inequalities in institutional practices and social relations, liquor stores have a profound and capacious reach in Black life. To date, these impacts have been little interrogated. The proposed study seeks to advance research on social determinants of health by conducting historical analyses of liquor store prevalence, operations, merchandise, and alcoholic beverage marketing in urban African American communities from approximately 1945 to the present. Drawing on a diverse set of archival resources, street observation of stores, and interviews with liquor store workers, the proposed work will make an innovative contribution to research on neighborhood context and health.