COGNITIVE AND MOTORIC AGING

人类衰老最具破坏性的疾病之一是认知能力的退化。 在正常衰老和阿尔茨海默病(AD)等神经退行性疾病中发生的功能。 衰老如何促进人类阿尔茨海默病和其他神经退行性疾病的发病机制 尚不清楚，但与其他灵长类动物相比，人类独特的长衰退期可能是 易感因素。人类和两种非人类年龄相关性认知减退的直接比较 具有不同生活史和适应能力的灵长类动物，恒河猴和黑猩猩，可能会 人类对神经退行性疾病和衰老的独特易感性的重要线索 这三个物种的表型。在这样做的时候，我们将把我们的调查限于女性。首先，女性比女性长寿 男性在人类和黑猩猩中都是如此，因此更有可能受到年龄相关认知的影响 这些物种的数量在减少。第二，寿命延长的程度超过了#年的生育年龄。 雌性可能在塑造这三个物种的认知老化模式方面发挥关键作用。建议数 这项研究将对每个物种的年轻人和老年人进行为期5年的纵向检查，其中包括12名年轻人， 12只中年恒河猴和12只老年雌性恒河猴；(2)12只年轻恒河猴，12只中年恒河猴和12只老年雌性恒河猴 黑猩猩；(3)54名志愿者女性，平均分为三个年龄组：(年轻的18-25岁 (4)18名轻度认知障碍女性 (5)18例AD患者。此外，还将招募300名正常女性来验证这些测试 用于评估非人类灵长类动物认知功能的经典方法是测量人类的相同能力。 我们将评估与年龄相关的神经和社会情感伴随的假说 这三个物种的认知能力都下降了。认知老龄化项目的具体目标是： 1.对人类、黑猩猩和雌性恒河猴的认知衰退进行纵向研究， 检查这3个物种的认知缺陷的下降速度和顺序出现的速度。 2.确定年龄相关性认知减退与年龄相关性社会情绪之间的关系 以及这三个物种的神经变化。 3.检验任务在动物模型和人体中的构念效度。 这些数据将为雌性灵长类动物与年龄相关的功能衰退的生物学提供新的见解， 以及决定成功和不成功衰老的因素。这些信息还将有助于 开发治疗阿尔茨海默病等疾病的方法。

One of the most devastating maladies of advancing age in humans is the deterioration of cognitive function that occurs with normal aging and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). How aging promotes the pathogenesis of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases in humans remains unclear, but the uniquely long period of senescence in humans compared to other primates may be a predisposing factor. The direct comparison of age-related cognitive decline in humans and two nonhuman primates with distinct life histories and adaptations, the rhesus monkey and the chimpanzee, could yield important clues to the uniquely human predisposition to neurodegenerative diseases and the aging phenotype of the three species. In doing so, we will restrict our investigation to females. First, females outlive males in both humans and chimpanzees and are therefore more likely to be affected by age-related cognitive decline in these species. Second, the extent to which the lifespan expands beyond the reproductive years in females may play a critical role in shaping the patterns of cognitive aging in the three species. The proposed study will examine young and old adults of each species longitudinally for 5 years, including 1) twelve young, 12 middle aged, and 12 old female rhesus monkeys; (2) twelve young, 12 middle aged and 12 old female chimpanzees; (3) Fifty-four volunteer women, equally divided into three age groups: (Young 18-25 years old; middle-aged 40-59 years old; and old 60-80 years old); (4) 18 women with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and (5) 18 women with AD. In addition, 300 normal women will be recruited to verify that the tests classically used to assess cognitive function in nonhuman primates measure the same abilities in humans. We will evaluate hypotheses concerning the neural and socioemotional concomitants of age-related cognitive decline in the three species. The specific aims of the Cognitive Aging project are to: 1. Conduct longitudinal studies of cognitive decline in human, chimpanzee, and rhesus monkey females, examining the rates of decline in, and sequential appearance of cognitive deficits in the 3 species. 2. Determine the relationships between age-related cognitive decline and age-related socioemotional and neural changes in the three species. 3. Test the construct validity of tasks used in animal models and in humans. The data will provide new insights into the biology of age-related functional decline in female primates, and into the factors that govern successful versus unsuccessful aging. This information will also facilitate the development of treatments for diseases such as AD.