CAUSALITY CONSTRAINTS ON EAR-CANAL TESTS OF ACOUSTIC REFLECTION FUNCTION AND REFLECTANCE

声反射函数和反射率耳道测试的因果关系约束

• 批准号: 10133285
• 负责人: Douglas H Keefe
• 金额: $ 23.25万
• 依托单位: FATHER FLANAGAN'S BOYS' HOME
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-12-01 至 2022-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10133285
• 关键词: 3D Print; 5 year old; Acoustics; Adult; Affect; Age; Aging; Air; Algorithms; Area; Auditory; Auditory Brainstem Responses; Auditory system; Back; Behavioral; Calibration; Cell physiology; Child; Clinic; Clinical; Cochlea; Code; Complex; Data; Diagnostic tests; Down Syndrome; Ear; Ear Molds; Equation; Etiology; External auditory canal; Fourier Transform; Fracture; Frequencies; Functional disorder; Future; Geometry; Goals; Hearing Tests; Horns; Human; Impairment; Incidence; Incus; Infant; Laboratories; Labyrinth; Language Development; Location; Measurement; Measures; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; Newborn Infant; Otitis Media; Otosclerosis; Outcome; Outer Hair Cells; Perception; Peripheral; Physiological; Procedures; Property; Risk; Role; Scanning; Source; Specific qualifier value; Speech; Speech Development; Stapes; Stimulus; Surgical Disarticulation; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; To specify; Travel; Tube; Tympanic Membrane Perforation; Tympanic membrane; Variant; absorption; behavior test; clinical Diagnosis; clinical application; digital; experimental study; follow-up; hearing impairment; hearing screening; improved; middle ear; normal hearing; novel; otoacoustic emission; permanent hearing loss; pressure; relating to nervous system; response; sample fixation; sound; sound frequency; translational study; transmission process

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT This project develops and evaluates procedures to estimate the ear-canal sound field near the tympanic membrane (TM). The underlying framework of these procedures is to model the ear canal as an acoustic waveguide. Spatial variation in the cross-sectional area of the ear canal is described acoustically by quantifying forward and reverse sound waves traveling between a probe inserted into the ear canal and a location near the TM. Describing the sound field near the TM in terms of sound pressure and its reflected and transmitted components more accurately quantifies the acoustical high frequency (HF) input to the middle ear. Such a description improves HF calibration of the stimulus near the TM for physiological tests such as otoacoustic emission and auditory brainstem responses, and HF behavioral tests such as extended audiometry and tests of spatial processing of sound. The specification also improves the ability to describe forward and reverse otoacoustic emission responses at HFs, which non-invasively encode information on outer-hair cell function within the cochlea. The project outcomes will benefit acoustic diagnostic tests of middle-ear and cochlear function. The goals of Aim 1 are to: (i) implement and evaluate a causal, time-domain measurement at the probe tip of the acoustic reflection function (RF) of the ear, such that reflectance is the Fourier transform of the RF, (ii) use the RF to calculate area-distance functions of the ear canal between the probe tip and TM, and (iii) use RF and area data to estimate the sound field near the TM (i.e., to within 3.6 mm). Current frequency- domain tests to measure reflectance are not constrained to obey causality, which limits their accuracy in clinical applications, especially at frequencies above 8 kHz. Causality requires that sound cannot be reflected prior to its incidence. The RF of the ear is a key response for subsequent area-distance calculations within the ear canal. RF data will be acquired in Aim 1 experiments in tubing systems with varying areas, molds of ear canals and an artificial ear simulator (IEC711 coupler). Present approaches to describe the area-distance function in the ear canal largely use the Webster, or plane-wave, horn equation, which is of insufficient accuracy for the area variations in the ear canal. This project will measure area-distance functions using a novel spherical-wave horn model that controls for changes in the taper of the ear canal. These area-distance algorithms include a novel time-domain description of losses at the ear-canal walls. The goals of Aim 2 are to: (i) acquire RF data in groups of 5-year-old children and adults with normal hearing, (ii) calculate area-distance functions in their canal, (iii) use a digital scanner to measure the ear-canal geometry, (iv) compare acoustic and scanned measurements of the area-distance function, (v) estimate the sound field pressure, and transmission and reflection of sound, near the TM, and (vi) test for maturational differences in ear-canal and middle-ear function in children relative to adults. The approach makes maximal use of the acoustic data provided in a probe measurement within the ear canal.

项目摘要/摘要 这个项目开发和评估了评估鼓室附近耳道声场的程序。 膜(TM)。这些程序的基本框架是将耳道建模为声学 波导型。耳道横截面积的空间变化通过量化来声学描述。 正向和反向声波在插入耳道的探头和耳道附近的位置之间传播 TM.用声压描述TM附近的声场及其反射和传输 组件可以更准确地量化输入到中耳的高频声学信号。这样的一个 描述改进了TM附近的刺激的高频校准，用于诸如耳声等生理测试 发射和听性脑干反应，以及高频行为测试，如扩展测听和测试 关于声音的空间处理。该规范还提高了描述正向和反向的能力 高频的耳声发射反应，非侵入性地编码外毛细胞功能的信息 在耳蜗里。项目成果将有助于中耳和耳蜗声学诊断测试 功能。目标1的目标是：(1)在 耳朵的声反射函数(RF)的探头尖端，这样反射率就是 RF，(Ii)使用RF计算探头尖端和TM之间的耳道面积-距离函数，以及 (Iii)使用射频和面积数据估计TM附近的声场(即，在3.6毫米以内)。当前频率- 测量反射率的域测试不受因果关系的约束，这限制了它们在 临床应用，特别是在8千赫以上的频率。因果关系要求声音不能被反射 在它发生之前。耳朵的RF是后续面积-距离计算的关键响应 耳道。射频数据将在Aim 1在具有不同区域、耳模的管路系统中的实验中获得 耳道和人工耳道模拟器(IEC711耦合器)。目前描述面积距离的方法 耳道功能在很大程度上采用了韦氏方程，即平面波、喇叭方程，这是不够的 准确测量耳道内的面积变化。此项目将使用 控制耳道锥度变化的新型球面波喇叭模型。这些面积距离 算法包括一种新的耳道壁损失的时间域描述。目标2的目标是： (I)获取听力正常的5岁儿童和成人分组的RF数据；(Ii)计算面积距离 (Iii)使用数字扫描仪测量耳道几何形状，(Iv)比较声学 和面积-距离函数的扫描测量，(V)估计声场压力，以及 声音在TM附近的传播和反射，以及(Vi)耳道和耳道成熟差异的测试 儿童相对于成人的中耳功能。该方法最大限度地利用了声学数据。 在耳道内的探头测量中提供。