Super-resolution dual-energy dental CT based on distributed x-ray source and photon counting detector

摘要 随着锥束CT在牙科中的引入，牙科临床医生不仅可以对 口腔病理学，但也可以提高获得详细的结构及其 关系牙科CBCT可用于术前诊断、术前计划和术前评估。 转移到口腔种植修复。然而，CBCT的图像质量是次优的，并且受到以下问题的影响： 由过度的X射线散射引起的强烈的图像伪影，有限的探测器性能。空间 分辨率是客观定义图像质量的最重要参数， 通常需要描绘细节的应用。我们将开发和验证一种新型牙科 该成像系统不仅从根本上消除了图像质量问题， 3D图像中的上级图像分辨率。超分辨率双能量四面体束CT（TBCT） 采用了一种新颖的多像素电子发射X射线（MPTEX）源， 能量分辨光子计数探测器（PCD）。TBCT用一堆扇形束扫描病人， 具有非常低的散射与初级比（SPR）; PCD探测器可以计数X射线光子， 电子噪声，因此可以减少辐射暴露和由于光子饥饿引起的牙齿伪影; PCD的双能量能力进一步消除了射束硬化伪影， 飞行焦斑和时间延迟积分（TDI）检测将补偿机架 基于光学模型的迭代图像可以重建运动和超分辨率的3D图像 重建（IIR）。超分辨率牙科TBCT将填补高性能3D成像的差距， 牙科，允许进一步提高生产力和护理质量的牙科实践。以下 目标1：开发具有可变参数的MPTEX源 焦点大小和位置;目标2：开发和验证超分辨率牙科TBCT工作台 成像系统

ABSTRACT With cone-beam CT's introduction in dentistry, dental clinicians could not only have profound knowledge of oral pathology but could also enhance the access to a detailed view of the underlying structures and their relations. Dental CBCT could be justified for presurgical diagnosis, preoperative planning and preoperative transfer for oral implant rehabilitation. The image quality of CBCT, however, is suboptimal and suffers from strong image artifacts stemming from excessive x-ray scattering, limited detector performance. Spatial resolution, the most important parameter objectively defining image quality, is insufficient for many dental applications where the fine details often have to be depicted. We will develop and validate a novel dental imaging system that not only fundamentally eliminates the image quality problems and but also can produce superior image resolution in 3D images. The super-resolution dual-energy Tetrahedron Beam CT (TBCT) employs a novel multi-pixel thermionic emission x-ray (MPTEX) source with wobbling focal spots as well as an energy-resolved photon-counting detector (PCD). TBCT scans the patient with a stack of fan beams that have a very low scatter-to-primary ratio (SPR); The PCD detector can count x-ray photons without electronics noises, thus can reduce radiation exposure and dental artifacts due to photon starvation; The dual-energy capacity of PCD further eliminates beam-hardening artifacts and supports material decomposition; The flying focal spots and Time-delay-integration (TDI) detection will compensate gantry motion, and super-resolution 3D images can be reconstructed with optics-model based iterative image reconstruction (IIR). Super-resolution dental TBCT will fit in the gap of high-performance 3D imaging in dentistry, allow further advancing the productivity and quality of care in dental practice. The following specific aims have been designed to accomplish this goal: Aim 1: Develop MPTEX source with variable focal spot size and location; Aim 2: To develop and validate a super-resolution dental TBCT benchtop imaging system.