Prevalence of community gun violence exposure and consequences for adolescent well-being: identifying sources of heterogeneity to disrupt the cycle of violence

项目摘要 社区暴力，定义为在公共场所故意的、人际间的暴力行为，是一种 公认的创伤形式，对有色人种青年造成不成比例的影响。过去的研究将暴露于 具有广泛不良后果的社区暴力，增加了随后发生暴力的风险 参与其中。但文献中的几个空白仍然存在。首先，很少有研究关注与社区的接触 涉及枪支的暴力。其次，该地区枪支暴力的精确数据严重匮乏 来自其他来源的水平，而不是自我报告的调查项目，这提供了一个不完整的更广泛的图景 枪支暴力经历和接触的范围。第三，尽管人们普遍认为 接触暴力的后果因个人、家庭、学校和邻里特征而异，过去 关于这类效应异质性的研究很少，这限制了我们对风险和保护因素的理解。 这赋予了社区枪支暴力暴露的不同脆弱性或复原力，以及瞄准目标的最佳方式 防止后续与枪支暴力有关的伤害的战略。为了解决这些知识上的差距， 拟议的项目旨在评估青少年接触艾滋病的人口流行率和后果。 社区枪支暴力，无论暴力是否亲身经历，并查明 延展性风险和与其变化相关的保护因素。这部作品将使用一种独特的组合 关于全国范围内基于概率的青年及其家庭、学校和 1998/2000至2014/17年度脆弱家庭和儿童福祉研究浪潮中的社区 (FFCWS)与致命枪支暴力的高分辨率时间和空间信息在地理空间上相关联 来自枪支暴力档案(GVA)的事件。这些数据将使第一个详细的、全国性的 对青少年接触社区枪支暴力的代表性估计，以及更明确的 社区枪支暴力暴露对青少年广泛社会情绪影响的评估 在过去的研究中，健康和行为结果与随后的枪支暴力有关- 相关伤害。他们还将允许实施倾向得分匹配方法，以加强 通过考虑一套全面的暴露前特征来预测青少年的 在当地环境中经历致命枪支暴力事件的可能性。所有这些进步 将为确定个人、家庭、学校和邻居的最终目标提供相当大的牵引力- 与社区枪支不利影响的脆弱性或恢复力增加相关的水平因素 制定和实施旨在预防暴力的战略的暴力暴露 扰乱暴力的循环是可以依据的。这项研究解决了资助下的研究目标一 备选方案A。

PROJECT ABSTRACT Community violence, defined as intentional, interpersonal acts of violence committed in public places, is a recognized form of trauma that disproportionately impacts youth of color. Past research has linked exposure to community violence with a wide range of adverse outcomes that elevate risk for subsequent violence involvement. But several gaps in the literature remain. First, few studies focus on exposure to community violence involving guns. Second, there is a critical dearth of fine-grained data on gun violence at the small-area level from other sources beyond self-reported survey items, which provide an incomplete picture of the broader spectrum of gun violence experiences and exposure. Third, although it is commonly hypothesized that the consequences of exposure to violence vary by individual, family, school, and neighborhood characteristics, past research on this type of effect heterogeneity is rare, limiting our understanding of the risk and protective factors that confer differential vulnerability or resilience to community gun violence exposure and the best ways to target strategies for preventing subsequent gun violence-related harm. To address these gaps in knowledge, the proposed project is designed to estimate the population prevalence and consequences of youths' exposure to community gun violence, regardless of whether the violence was experienced firsthand, and to identify the malleable risk and protective factors associated with variations therein. This work will use a unique combination of longitudinal data on a national, probability-based sample of youth and their families, schools, and neighborhoods from the 1998/2000 to 2014/17 waves of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS) geospatially linked with highly resolved temporal and spatial information on deadly gun violence incidents from the Gun Violence Archive (GVA). These data will allow for the first detailed, nationally representative estimates of youths' exposure to community gun violence, as well as for a more definitive assessment of the impacts of community gun violence exposure on a wide range of youths' social-emotional health and behavioral outcomes that have been associated in past research with subsequent gun violence- related harm. They will also allow for the implementation of propensity score matching methods to strengthen causal inference by accounting for a comprehensive set of pre-exposure characteristics that predict youths' likelihood of experiencing an incident of deadly gun violence in their local environment. All of these advances will provide considerable traction on the final goal of identifying individual, familial, school, and neighborhood- level factors associated with increased vulnerability or resilience to the adverse impacts of community gun violence exposure on which the development and implementation of violence prevention strategies designed to disrupt the cycle of violence can be based. This research addresses Research Objective One under Funding Option A.