Health Disparities Research at UCR

UCR 的健康差异研究

• 批准号: 10261255
• 负责人: DAVID D LO
• 金额: $ 19.95万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-08-08 至 2024-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10261255
• 关键词: 2019-nCoV; Adult; Advocate; Affect; African American; Ambulatory Care; Belief; Breast; COVID-19; COVID-19 pandemic; California; Cancer Patient; Caring; Communication; Communities; Coronavirus; County; Data; Decision Making; Development; Discrimination; Dose; Drops; Employment; Family; Focus Groups; Friends; Fright; Goals; Health; Health Professional; Health Surveys; Healthcare; Healthcare Systems; Hispanic Americans; Hispanics; Incidence; Individual; Infection; Internet; Intervention; Interview; Knowledge; Linguistics; Low income; Medical; Minority; Misinformation; Outpatients; Pathway interactions; Patient Care; Patients; Pattern; Physicians; Population; Process; Provider; Public Health; Readiness; Reporting; Research; Resources; Respondent; Route; Social Interaction; Social Work; Source; Structure; Surveys; Survivors; System; Telephone; Time; Trust; Vaccination; Vaccines; Visit; Vulnerable Populations; Work; base; care providers; design; expectation; experience; follow-up; health assessment; health disparity; health literacy; health plan; implementation strategy; improved; information seeking behavior; insight; interest; minority communities; mortality; outreach; pandemic disease; patient subsets; public trust; service providers; social; social capital; social disparities

ABSTRACT Health literacy is a significant barrier for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine acceptance, particularly among low- income and minority communities that have experienced disproportionately high rates of COVID-19 infection and mortality. Previous research has identified the importance of trust for health literacy. This is especially true for minority communities that have experienced systemic discrimination within the US healthcare system and harbor longstanding mistrust of physicians. Vaccine acceptance relies on public trust not only in individual providers, but also in public health officials and the health care system as a whole. Public health experts agree that the US lacks vaccine readiness and that interventions are needed to effectively overcome substantial vaccine hesitancy. Yet tens of millions of U.S. adults are unable to make decisions in their own best interest because they neither can access, nor understand, health information. This project uses a social ecological framework to investigate how low-income Latinx/Hispanics and African Americans in Southern California's Inland Empire engage with health information about COVID-19 and the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Understanding how information works as a system, rather than as a problem of physician-patient communication, facilitates identification of high-leverage points for communication interventions to increase vaccine acceptance among vulnerable populations. Research questions: What are the health information-seeking patterns of low-income and minority patients? And what can be learned from these patterns to design effective communication interventions to mitigate misinformation and overcome vaccine hesitancy? Aim 1: Investigate current information needs, knowledge, and concerns regarding COVID-19 and a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Focus groups and a Community Advisory Board will inform the design of an online survey to assess low-income African Americans' and Latinx/Hispanics' knowledge, beliefs, expectations, concerns, and fears regarding COVID-19 and a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Follow-up phone interviews will be conducted with a subset of survey respondents to probe more deeply into the processes through which individuals seek and obtain health information. Aim 2: Develop communication interventions to increase vaccine acceptance. Qualitative and quantitative analyses from Aim 1 will be integrated to categorize information-seeking patterns and identify relationships of trust in low-income minority communities. Communication strategies will then be designed to acknowledge both information barriers and existing social capital that can be harnessed in low-income and minority communities to increase vaccine acceptance.

摘要 健康素养是SARS-CoV-2疫苗接受的一个重要障碍，特别是在低收入人群中。 收入和少数民族社区经历了不成比例的高COVID-19感染率 and mortality.以前的研究已经确定了信任对健康素养的重要性。这是特别 对于在美国医疗保健系统中经历系统性歧视的少数族裔社区来说， 长期以来对医生的不信任疫苗的接受依赖于公众的信任，而不仅仅是个人的信任。 提供者，但也在公共卫生官员和整个医疗保健系统。公共卫生专家同意 美国缺乏疫苗准备，需要采取干预措施，以有效克服重大的 疫苗犹豫然而，数千万美国成年人无法做出符合自己最佳利益的决定。 因为他们既不能获得，也不能理解健康信息。 该项目使用社会生态框架来调查低收入拉丁裔/西班牙裔和 南加州内陆帝国的非裔美国人参与有关COVID-19的健康信息 和SARS-CoV-2疫苗。理解信息如何作为一个系统而不是一个问题工作 医患沟通，便于识别高杠杆点的沟通 采取干预措施，提高脆弱人群对疫苗的接受程度。 研究问题：低收入和少数民族的健康信息寻求模式是什么 病人？从这些模式中可以学到什么来设计有效的沟通干预措施， 减少错误信息，克服疫苗犹豫？ 目标1：调查当前关于COVID-19的信息需求、知识和担忧 和SARS-CoV-2疫苗焦点小组和社区咨询委员会将为设计 在线调查，以评估低收入非洲裔美国人和拉丁裔/西班牙裔美国人的知识，信仰， 对COVID-19和SARS-CoV-2疫苗的期望、担忧和恐惧。随访电话 将对一部分调查受访者进行访谈，以更深入地探讨这些过程 个人通过这些渠道寻求和获得健康信息。 目标2：制定宣传干预措施，以提高疫苗的接受程度。定性和 目标1中的定量分析将被综合起来，用于对信息搜索模式进行分类，并识别 低收入少数民族社区的信任关系。然后，将制定传播战略， 承认信息障碍和现有的社会资本，可以利用低收入和 少数民族社区提高疫苗接受率。