Evaluation of California's 2020 chlorpyrifos cancellation on health and exposure in agricultural communities

加州2020年取消毒死蜱对农业社区健康和暴露的影响评估

• 批准号: 10260580
• 负责人: Sheryl Magzamen
• 金额: $ 19万
• 依托单位: COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-10 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10260580
• 关键词: Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors; Adult; Agriculture; Air Pollution; Area; Biological Markers; Birth length; Calendar; California; Cancer Etiology; Chemicals; Childhood; Chlorpyrifos; Citrus; Cohort Studies; Collection; Communities; Congenital Abnormality; Data; Databases; Development; Disease; Disease Outcome; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Health; Epidemiology; Evaluation; Exposure to; Foundations; Health; House Dust; Household; Human; Inflammation; Insecticides; Juglans; Leukotriene E4; Linear Regressions; Link; Literature; Long-Term Effects; Longitudinal Studies; Malignant Neoplasms; Measures; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Natural experiment; Nervous System Physiology; Neurocognitive Deficit; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neurodevelopmental Deficit; Observational epidemiology; Occupational Health; Organophosphates; Outcome; Parents; Participant; Pesticides; Policies; Public Health; Quasi-experiment; Registries; Regulation; Research; Research Infrastructure; Restaurants; Sales; Sampling; Seasons; Smoking; Testing; Time; United States; Urine; Vulnerable Populations; Work; Workplace; agricultural community; agricultural pesticide; agricultural region; base; cohort; community organizations; cost; cytokine; environmental chemical; environmental justice; environmental pesticide exposure; epidemiology study; exposed human population; health assessment; hydroxypyridine; improved; inflammatory marker; instrument; novel; operation; pesticide exposure; pollutant; population health; recruit; reproductive; respiratory; respiratory health; response; systemic inflammatory response; tool; toxic organophosphate insecticide exposure; urinary

Abstract Organophosphate pesticides have been associated with several negative health outcomes, including cancer, neurodegenerative disease, impaired neurocognitive development, and adverse respiratory health effects. Specifically, the insecticide chlorpyrifos, which was banned from indoor use in the United States in 2000, has been under federal consideration to be discontinued from use in agriculture. In 2020, the State of California took the unprecedented action of banning chlorpyrifos in all agricultural applications by the end of the calendar year. This policy results in a unique natural experiment to determine changes in exposure and associated health effects to chlorpyrifos in the state. As the Central Valley of California is one of the most fertile agricultural regions in the world, this shift in pesticide use may have short-term and long-term effects on Valley residents who have household exposure based on community proximity to agricultural operations. Though California has an extensive publicly available agricultural pesticide application database (California Pesticide Use Registry), current data availability is generally delayed by two years. As such, evaluation of exposure changes in Valley communities and residents may not be documented for several years. Following, collection of biomarkers of exposure among Valley residents will provide the most rapid evidence of changes in exposure and concomitant health outcomes. Based on our previous work in the Central Valley, we have recruited a cohort of residents who live in four communities with high exposure to organophosphate pesticides including chlorpyrifos. In partnership with a long-standing environmental justice community organization in the region, we will leverage this existing cohort of 70 adult residents to determine exposure and associated short-term health effects prior to implementation of the ban and post-ban. We will recruit an additional 90 adult residents across the original four high exposure communities, two additional high exposure communities and one control community to determine change in exposure associated with the ban. We will evaluate pesticides in household dust and in urine, to determine changes in chlorpyrifos levels and potential changes in other pesticides that may serve as chemical replacements for chlorpyrifos (Aim 1). In addition, we will measure biomarkers of inflammation to determine if there are short term health effects that can be evaluated in the year after the California ban (Aim 2). Our proposed inflammatory markers underlie many disease states associated with pesticide exposure and allows us to develop a cohort to ascertain long-term health effects of the chlorpyrifos ban. This time-sensitive mechanism allows us a novel opportunity to add to the epidemiological literature on the health effects of chlorpyrifos, and evaluation of state-level policies to serve as a mechanism for potential improvements in environmental health.

抽象的 有机磷农药与多种负面健康结果有关，包括癌症、 神经退行性疾病、神经认知发育受损以及对呼吸系统健康的不良影响。 具体而言，杀虫剂毒死蜱于 2000 年在美国被禁止在室内使用， 联邦政府正在考虑停止在农业中使用。 2020 年，加利福尼亚州取得了 史无前例的行动，将于年底前禁止在所有农业应用中使用毒死蜱。 这项政策导致了一项独特的自然实验，以确定暴露和相关健康的变化 对毒死蜱的影响在该州。由于加利福尼亚州中央山谷是最肥沃的农业地区之一 在世界范围内，农药使用的这种转变可能会对山谷居民产生短期和长期影响 家庭暴露程度取决于社区与农业经营的距离。尽管加州有一个 广泛的公开农业农药应用数据库（加州农药使用登记处）， 目前的数据可用性通常会延迟两年。因此，对山谷暴露变化的评估 社区和居民可能数年都没有记录。以下是生物标志物的收集 山谷居民的暴露情况将提供暴露情况变化和伴随情况的最快速证据 健康结果。根据我们之前在中央山谷的工作，我们招募了一批居民 生活在四个高度接触有机磷农药（包括毒死蜱）的社区。合作伙伴 与该地区长期存在的环境正义社区组织合作，我们将利用现有的 由 70 名成年居民组成的队列，以确定暴露前的暴露和相关的短期健康影响 禁令的实施和禁令后。我们将在原来的 4 名居民中另外招募 90 名成年居民 高暴露社区、另外两个高暴露社区和一个对照社区，以确定 与禁令相关的暴露变化。我们将评估家庭灰尘和尿液中的农药，以 确定毒死蜱水平的变化以及其他可用作化学品的农药的潜在变化 毒死蜱的替代品（目标 1）。此外，我们将测量炎症的生物标志物以确定是否 加州禁令实施后的一年内可以评估短期健康影响（目标 2）。我们提出的 炎症标记物是许多与农药接触相关的疾病状态的基础，并使我们能够发展 一个队列来确定毒死蜱禁令的长期健康影响。这种时间敏感的机制使我们能够 增加关于毒死蜱对健康影响的流行病学文献的新机会，以及对毒死蜱的评估 国家级政策作为潜在改善环境健康的机制。