Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria: Exposures and Health of Cattle Workers

摘要 畜牧业工人处于接触农业产生的生物气雾剂的第一线，其中含有不同的 呼吸道病原体的混合物。在农业中滥用和过度使用抗生素被认为是一种 抗生素耐药基因(ARG)加速发展的潜在驱动力。动物处理、废物处理 管理和生物气雾剂的产生可能会导致个人接触较高的抗生素 农场中的抗药性细菌(ARB)。这些细菌对健康的短期和长期影响目前 未知。此外，工人可能充当传播ARG和病毒的媒介。具体地说，养牛工人 感染D流感病毒的风险更大，这是一种与急性呼吸道疾病有关的新病原体。这个 工人也可能对动物构成威胁，例如引入耐多药结核病菌株。 (TB)。我们建议解决仍然存在的关键问题，即工人接触呼吸道的影响 病原体和传播给动物、农场和更大的社区。十八年协作式 高原山间农业健康与安全中心开展的研究项目 地区乳制品和牛肉生产商提供了一个独特的机会来调查工作场所暴露对 人类寄生的细菌群落(微生物组)、相关的抗生素耐药基因(ARG或耐药组) 以及呼吸道病毒(病毒体)和牛工人的呼吸健康。研究的目标是确定 如果ARG和病毒是呼吸道炎症亚临床标志物的潜在危险因素。中环 假说是，牛工人的鼻部微生物群将具有独特的微生物群落和基因 与可测量的炎症和呼吸道阻力水平相关的体质 职业控制和室友。具体目的是：(1)比较和对比 奶牛和牛肉工人的微生物群、耐药组和病毒组；(2)模型暴露-反应 微生物组、耐药组、病毒体和炎症标志物与呼吸道阻力的关系 以及(3)确定共用微生物组、耐药组、 以及职业和家庭环境之间的病毒。这个项目联合了在以下领域具有专长的科学家 职业健康与暴露科学、流行病学、微生物学、遗传学和生物信息学。本研究 将有助于提高对工作场所暴露和ARG和新兴病毒传播的认识 在乳制品和牛肉工人中。

Abstract Livestock workers are at the frontline of exposure to agriculture-generated bioaerosols containing a diverse mixture of respiratory pathogens. The misuse and overuse of antibiotics in agriculture has been posited as a potential driver in the accelerated development of antibiotic resistant genes (ARG). Animal handling, waste management, and bioaerosol generation may contribute to relatively high personal exposure to antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) on farms. The short- and long-term health effects of these bacteria are currently unknown. Moreover, workers may act as a vector – disseminating ARG and viruses. Specifically, cattle workers are at greater risk of Influenza D virus, an emerging pathogen associated with acute respiratory disease. The workers may also pose a threat to the animals, such as introducing strains of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (TB). We propose to address critical questions that remain about the impacts of worker exposure to respiratory pathogens and transmission to animals, farms and the larger community. The eighteen year collaborative research program conducted by the High Plains Intermountain Center for Agricultural Health and Safety and regional dairy and beef producers offers a unique opportunity to investigate the role of workplace exposure on human-hosted bacterial communities (microbiome), associated antibiotic resistance genes (ARG, or resistome) and respiratory viruses (virome) and respiratory health in cattle workers. The research objective is to ascertain if ARG and viruses are underlying risk factors for subclinical markers of respiratory inflammation. The central hypothesis is that the nasal microbiome of cattle workers will have distinct microbial communities and genetic constitution that are associated with measurable levels of inflammation and airway resistance as compared to occupational controls and housemates. The specific aims are to: (1) compare and contrast the composition of the microbiome, resistome, and virome among dairy and beef workers; (2) model exposure-response relationships in the context of microbiome, resistome, virome and inflammatory markers and airway resistance among dairy and beef workers; and (3) ascertain subclinical health impacts of shared microbiome, resistome, and virome between occupational and household settings. This project unites scientists with expertise in occupational health and exposure science, epidemiology, microbiology, genetics, and bioinformatics. This study will contribute to greater awareness of workplace exposures and transmission of ARG and emerging viruses among dairy and beef workers.