The Development of Youth Resilience to Neighborhood Disadvantage

项目总结/摘要 迄今为止，大部分关于青年复原力的文献都集中在对家庭逆境的复原力上， 研究对邻里逆境的适应力这是文献中的一个关键空白， 处于不利地位是整个生命周期不良结果的有力指标。只关注一种类型的 弹性（精神）排斥他人（社会，情感和学术）和不一致的 有证据表明，在整个发展过程中复原力的稳定性进一步加剧了这一差距。从中间的过渡 儿童期到青少年期和青少年期到成年初显期是重要的发展时期 以代理、认知和自我调节收益为标志。这项研究的目的不仅是研究如何 从童年中期到青春期，再到后来的成年期，韧性会发生变化，但 这些发展变化因复原力的类型（精神、社会、情感、学术）而异，最后， 这些变化如何与保护因素不同（即，温暖和参与养育，结构 邻里保护功能）。在K99阶段，具体目标1将调查 从童年中期到青春期的弹性的多方面概念化和具体目标2将 研究这些弹性轨迹如何可能改变时，考虑到保护因素的温暖和 涉及养育子女。在R 00阶段，具体目标3将研究如何全面的积极的 结构性邻里特征（以前与居民福祉有关）促进青年在 从童年中期到成年初显期的关键过渡期。伊丽莎白·谢沃克博士的背景 发展心理学、家庭系统、先进方法和邻里效应 让她进行这一系列的研究。Shewark博士的长期职业目标是领导一个跨学科 一个研究小组，调查青年如何以及通过何种机制发展 影响他们的韧性。为了独立领导这个未来的研究团队，这个途径的目标是 独立奖是建立在青年适应邻里逆境的专业知识，并获得进一步 培训前沿纵向分析技术，积极的结构邻居的评估 特征，并在易受伤害的高危人群中开展研究。该提案包括一个高度建立的 一组研究人员将加强Shewark博士的工作和她的跨学科影响。 发展成为一名独立的研究员。获得的理论知识和方法技能 在这个项目期间，将允许Shewark博士产生一个关于如何温暖和参与的丰富的研究机构。 父母教养和结构性邻里保护因素塑造了青年韧性的发展， 确定干预方案的可修改目标，以促进青年健康发展。

Project Summary/Abstract Much of the youth resilience literature to date has focused on resilience to family adversity, with far less examining resilience to neighborhood adversity. This is a key gap in the literature because neighborhood disadvantage is a robust indicator of poor outcomes throughout the lifespan. The focus on only one type of resilience (psychiatric) to the exclusion of others (social, emotional, and academic) and the inconsistent evidence of stability in resilience across development further exacerbate this gap. The transitions from middle childhood to adolescence and adolescence to emerging adulthood are important developmental periods marked by agency, cognitive, and self-regulation gains. The proposed research aims to examine not only how resilience can change from middle childhood to adolescence and to later emerging adulthood, but whether these developmental changes vary by type of resilience (psychiatric, social, emotional, academic), and finally, how those changes might differ with protective factors (i.e., warm and involved parenting, structural neighborhood protective features). During the K99 phase, Specific Aim 1 will investigate trajectories of the multifaceted conceptualization of resilience from middle childhood to adolescence and Specific Aim 2 will examine how these resilience trajectories may change when considering the protective factor of warm and involved parenting. During the R00 phase, Specific Aim 3 will investigate how a comprehensive set of positive structural neighborhood features (previously linked to resident well-being) promote youth resilience during the critical transitions between middle childhood and emerging adulthood. Dr. Elizabeth Shewark’s background in developmental psychology, family systems, advanced methods, and neighborhood effects uniquely positions her to carry out this line of research. Dr. Shewark’s long-term career goal is to lead an interdisciplinary research team that investigates how and by what mechanism(s) the contexts in which youth are developing impact their resilience. To independently lead this future research team, the goal of this Pathway to Independence Award is to build expertise in youth resilience to neighborhood adversity, and gain further training in cutting edge longitudinal analytic techniques, the assessment of positive structural neighborhood features, and conducting research in vulnerable at-risk populations. The proposal includes a highly established group of researchers who will strengthen the interdisciplinary impact of Dr. Shewark’s work and her development into an independent researcher. The theoretical knowledge and methodological skills gained during this project will allow Dr. Shewark to produce a rich body of research on how warm and involved parenting and structural neighborhood protective factors shape the development of youth resilience, facilitating the identification of modifiable targets for intervention programs to promote healthy youth development.