Tracking Depression and Associated Modifiable Social-Emotional Factors in Adolescent Girls with Autism

项目摘要/摘要 由于危险因素，患有自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)的青春期女孩患抑郁症的风险很高 与女性性行为和自闭症相关的挑战有关。然而，几乎没有经验证据表明 自闭症女孩抑郁发生和变化的心理社会机制，没有有效的干预措施 来治疗这一极其脆弱的群体的抑郁症。而社交和人际关系方面的挑战 尤其是在青春期，需要足够细微的纵向数据来理解 在这一关键时期，瞬间和累积的社会和情感体验会影响心理健康 时间，以便通知治疗的发展。 目前的建议旨在研究ASD患者抑郁的纵向轨迹和社会机制 在青春期，以女孩为重点。为了实现这项研究，提出了三项补充研究。 目标，并提供必要的培训，使应聘者具备先进的方法和专业知识 具备过渡到独立研究岗位的技能。在指导K99阶段期间，有两个辅助数据 分析将利用现有数据来生成关于抑郁症和社会经验的初步证据 患有自闭症的青春期女孩：(1)自闭症女孩和典型自闭症女孩抑郁症状的轨迹 发展(10至13岁)(目标1)，使用基于群体的纵向结构方程模型；(2) 介绍与自闭症女孩的负面情绪和抑郁症状有关的日常社会经历(目标2)， 使用从患有自闭症的过渡年龄青年的横断面样本收集的日常社会经验数据。 为了检查抑郁的社会情绪保护和危险因素(目标3)，在R00阶段，一个 使用生态瞬时采样的测量猝发加速纵向研究(EMA，研究 将对120名少女(60名自闭症)进行四波原始数据收集 和60个TD，年龄在14到16岁)，超过两年。这项新的多方法纵向研究的结果将直接 通过确定瞬间的社会体验、情绪和 应对策略在“瞬间”和长期影响情绪，同时考虑个体的影响- 层次特征。 通过精心设计的培训活动和加州大学旧金山分校现有的机构资源，候选人 将在ASD中接受关于发展精神病理学和青春期发育的重点培训，亲身实践 自闭症女孩抑郁症的识别和治疗的临床经验及方法学培训 K99阶段EMA的最新设计和分析。在一支领导团队的大力支持下 在各自领域的专家，候选人将成功地建立自己的研究领域，并成为 具有独特专业知识的独立研究人员。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Adolescent girls with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at high risk for depression due to risk factors associated with female sex and ASD-related challenges. However, little empirical evidence is available on the psychosocial mechanisms of depression onset and change for girls with ASD, leaving no effective intervention to treat depression in this extremely vulnerable group. While social interaction and relationship challenges are particularly pronounced during adolescence, sufficiently nuanced longitudinal data is needed to understand how momentary and cumulative social and emotional experiences impact psychological well-being during this critical time in order to inform treatment development. The current proposal aims to investigate longitudinal trajectories and social mechanisms of depression in ASD during adolescence with a focus on girls. Three complementary studies are proposed to achieve the research objectives and provide necessary training to equip the candidate with advanced methodological and professional skills to transition into an independent research position. During the mentored K99 phase, two secondary data analyses will leverage existing data to generate initial evidence on depression and social experience in adolescent girls with ASD to: (1) Map trajectories of depression symptoms in girls with ASD and typical development (age 10 to 13) (Aim 1), using group-based longitudinal structural equation models (LSEM); (2) Profile daily social experiences relevant to negative mood and depressive symptoms in girls with ASD (Aim 2), using daily social experiences data collected with a cross-sectional sample of transition-age youths with ASD. To examine social-emotional protective and risk factors of depression (Aim 3), during the R00 phase, an accelerated longitudinal study with measurement bursts using ecological momentary sampling (EMA, study protocol piloted in K99) will be conducted to collect four waves of original data on 120 adolescent girls (60 ASD and 60 TD, age 14 to 16) over two years. Findings from the novel multi-method longitudinal study will directly inform development of targeted intervention by identifying how momentary social experiences, emotions, and coping strategies impact mood in the “moment” and in the long term, while considering the impact of individual- level characteristics. Through the carefully designed training activities and the institutional resources available at UCSF, the candidate will receive focused training on developmental psychopathology and pubertal development in ASD, hands-on clinical experiences in identifying and treating depression in girls with ASD, and methodological training in the state-of-art design and analyses of EMA during the K99 phase. With the strong support from a team of leading experts in their respective fields, the candidate will successfully establish her own line of research and become an independent researcher with unique expertise.