Physical activity over the adult life course and cognitive resilience to Alzheimer's disease and related dementias

项目概要/摘要 这项K 01提案由公共卫生硕士菲利普黄博士领导，研究了身体活动作为贡献者的作用。 在整个成年生活过程中的认知恢复力。更多的体力活动与更好的认知能力有关。 功能和降低阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆症（ADRD）的风险。体育活动被认为 通过促进神经补偿来发挥其对大脑的潜在有益作用，包括改变 结构和功能的大脑特征，支持更大的大脑效能和能力。因此，物理 刺激可能是认知弹性的一个关键因素，认知弹性被认为是承受能力， 更高的ADRD风险水平，避免认知障碍或认知功能优于预期。 关于身体活动作为一个潜在的弹性因素的知识的一个主要差距是， 身体活动对恢复力的影响在整个生命过程中是不同的。还缺乏关于以下方面的证据： 身体活动，如频率或活动类型，与认知弹性相关。解决 这些知识差距，本提案将侧重于成年早期、中年和晚年的身体活动， 使用复杂的基于统计和机器学习的方法， 方法.从心脏病研究（FHS）收集的身体活动数据， 在整个生命周期内登记，并进行痴呆症监测，包括神经心理学检查， 会支持这次调查来自可穿戴设备的额外多维身体活动数据将 来自精准大脑健康优化项目的集成数字技术平台。 该研究计划是由一个特殊的导师团队和培训计划在波士顿补充 大学医学院，这将提供一个丰富的培训环境，将培养黄博士的 发展成为一名独立的研究员。该计划建立在黄博士的背景上， 神经流行病学和ADRD预防研究，并包括新的培训，在测量身体 活动，神经影像学和认知评估与ADRD，和机器学习方法。的 结合研究和培训计划将准备黄博士一个成功的独立研究生涯 专注于确定生命过程中可改变的生活方式因素，并设计多领域的生活方式 干预措施，以促进健康的大脑老化和延迟或可能防止ADRD的发作。 这项研究符合NIA的研究战略方向，2020-2025年的关键目标，以确定 行为，心理和神经机制和过程，赋予成功的老化和恢复力 认知障碍这项研究是迫切需要的，因为老年人的数量正在增长， 这意味着ADRD的新病例数量也将增加，因为老龄化本身仍然是最重要的因素。 ADRD的重要风险因素。这项研究的结果将有助于提供知识， 制定与身体活动相关的ADRD预防干预措施的基础。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT This K01 proposal, led by Dr. Phillip Hwang, PhD, MPH, examines the role of physical activity as a contributor to cognitive resilience across the adult life course. Greater physical activity is associated with better cognitive function and reduced risk for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). Physical activity is thought to exert its potential beneficial effects on the brain by promoting neural compensation, including changes to structural and functional brain characteristics that support greater brain efficacy and capacity. Thus, physical stimulation may be a key contributor to cognitive resilience, which is considered as the ability to withstand greater ADRD risk levels and avoid cognitive impairment or have better-than-expected cognitive function. A major gap in knowledge regarding physical activity as a potential resilience factor is whether the impact of physical activity on resilience differs across the life course. Evidence is also lacking on specific aspects of physical activity, such as frequency or type of activity, that correlate with cognitive resilience. To address these knowledge gaps, this proposal will focus on physical activity in early adult life, midlife, and late-life and evaluate their associations with cognitive resilience using sophisticated statistical- and machine learning-based methods. Physical activity data collected from the Framingham Heart Study (FHS), which has participants enrolled across the lifespan and conducts dementia surveillance, including neuropsychological examinations, will support this investigation. Additional multi-dimensional physical activity data from wearable devices will come from the Integrated Digital Technology Platform for Optimization of Precision Brain Health project. The research plan is complemented by an exceptional mentorship team and training plan at the Boston University School of Medicine, which will provide a rich training environment that will foster Dr. Hwang’s development into an independent researcher. The plan builds on the Dr. Hwang’s background in neuroepidemiology and ADRD prevention research, and includes new training in the measurement of physical activity, neuroimaging and cognitive assessments in relation to ADRD, and machine learning methods. The combined research and training plans will prepare Dr. Hwang for a successful independent research career focused on identifying modifiable lifestyle factors over the life course and designing multi-domain lifestyle interventions to promote healthy brain aging and delay or possibly prevent the onset of ADRD. This research aligns with the NIA’s Strategic Directions for Research, 2020-2025 key goals to identify the behavioral, psychological, and neural mechanisms and processes that confer successful aging and resilience to cognitive impairment. This research is urgently needed as the number of older adults is growing, which means that the number of new cases of ADRD will increase as well, given that aging itself remains the most significant risk factor for ADRD. Findings from this research will help provide knowledge that can serve as the basis for the development of preventive interventions related to physical activity for ADRD.